A simple methodology for the quantification of graphite in end-of-life lithium-ion batteries using thermogravimetric analysis

Gomez-Moreno, Luis Arturo; Klemettinen, Anna; Serna-Guerrero, Rodrigo

doi:10.1016/j.isci.2023.107782

iScience

2023

DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107782

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A simple methodology for the quantification of graphite in end-of-life lithium-ion batteries using thermogravimetric analysis

Luis Arturo Gomez-Moreno,

Anna Klemettinen,

Rodrigo Serna-Guerrero

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Cited by 2 publications

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“…Figure 1.Results of the thermal analysis, reporting the thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermogravimetry (DTG), and differential thermal analysis (DTA) curves. The 19.21% mass lost was due to the graphite burning and the corresponding carbon dioxide formation[24].…”

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confidence: 99%

Microwave-Assisted Recovery of Spent LiCoO2 Battery from the Corresponding Black Mass

Scaglia,

Cornelio,

Zanoletti

et al. 2023

Batteries

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The literature indicates that utilizing pyrometallurgical methods for processing spent LiCoO2 (LCO) batteries can lead to cobalt recovery in the forms of Co3O4, CoO, and Co, while lithium can be retrieved as Li2O or Li2CO3. However, the technology’s high energy consumption has also been noted as a challenge in this recovery process. Recently, an innovative and sustainable approach using microwave (MW) radiation has been proposed as an alternative to traditional pyrometallurgical methods for treating used lithium-ion batteries (LiBs). This method aims to address the shortcomings of the conventional approach. In this study, the treatment of the black mass (BM) from spent LCO batteries is explored for the first time using MW–materials interaction under an air atmosphere. The research reveals that the process can trigger carbothermic reactions. However, MW makes the BM so reactive that it causes rapid heating of the sample in a few minutes, also posing a fire risk. This paper presents and discusses the benefits and potential hazards associated with this novel technology for the recovery of spent LCO batteries and gives information about real samples of BM. The work opens the possibility of using a microwave for raw material recovery in spent LIBs, allowing to obtain rapid and more efficient reactions.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave-Assisted Recovery of Spent LiCoO2 Battery from the Corresponding Black Mass

Scaglia,

Cornelio,

Zanoletti

et al. 2023

Batteries

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Circular And Sustainable: Evaluating Lithium‐Ion Battery Recycling using a Combined Statistical Entropy and Life Cycle Assessment Methodology

Tas,

Klemettinen,

Serna‐Guerrero

2024

ChemSusChem

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While there has been a growing interest on the concept of Circular Economy (CE), its correlation with sustainability remains controversial. In this work, the combination of Statistical Entropy Analysis (SEA) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is proposed as a new methodology to evaluate recycling processes from the perspective of materials circularity and environmental impacts using a Li‐ion battery recycling process as a case study. This work addresses the need of quantitative circularity indicators, as SEA evaluates the concentration of materials at a systems level, while LCA measures the environmental impact of recycling processes in comparison with virgin raw materials production. It was found that process optimization points can be found by simultaneously accounting for materials recovery and the LCA categories of global warming potential, ozone depletion and mineral resource scarcity. Furthermore, a strong correlation was found for the first time between the recovery of critical elements and the environmental impact of raw materials production. The proposed methodology thus offers a robust analysis of a product lifecycle that aids in its design and optimization from the CE perspective.

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A simple methodology for the quantification of graphite in end-of-life lithium-ion batteries using thermogravimetric analysis

Cited by 2 publications

References 42 publications

Microwave-Assisted Recovery of Spent LiCoO2 Battery from the Corresponding Black Mass

Microwave-Assisted Recovery of Spent LiCoO2 Battery from the Corresponding Black Mass

Circular And Sustainable: Evaluating Lithium‐Ion Battery Recycling using a Combined Statistical Entropy and Life Cycle Assessment Methodology

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