A shortened interval between vaccinations with the trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine increases responsiveness in the aged

Kannan, S.; Kossenkov, Andrew V.; Kurupati, Raj K.; Xiang, Jason Shaoyun; Doyle, Susan A.; Schmader, Kenneth E.; Schowe, Louise; Ertl, Hildegund C.J.

doi:10.18632/aging.100852

“…TIV contains equal amounts of HA (15 μg) for all antigens, and yet the majority of the influenza infections in the elderly and HIV + have been caused by H3N2 virus in recent years [31]. During the 2012/13 influenza season, most infections were caused by H3N2 A/Victoria/361/2011, and the seasonal TIV provided protection in only an estimated 9% of elderly (age >60 years) vaccine recipients [32,33]. Low vaccine efficacy to H3N2 in that study was believed to be related to mutations in the egg-adapted H3N2 strain rather than antigenic drift in circulating viruses and underscores the need to monitor vaccine viruses as well as circulating strains to explain vaccine performance [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of aging and HIV infection on serologic response to seasonal influenza vaccination

Pallikkuth¹,

Armas²,

Pahwa³

et al. 2018

AidsHas erratum 2019-3-15

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“…TIV contains equal amounts of HA (15 μg) for all antigens, and yet the majority of the influenza infections in the elderly and HIV + have been caused by H3N2 virus in recent years [31]. During the 2012/13 influenza season, most infections were caused by H3N2 A/Victoria/361/2011, and the seasonal TIV provided protection in only an estimated 9% of elderly (age >60 years) vaccine recipients [32,33]. Low vaccine efficacy to H3N2 in that study was believed to be related to mutations in the egg-adapted H3N2 strain rather than antigenic drift in circulating viruses and underscores the need to monitor vaccine viruses as well as circulating strains to explain vaccine performance [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Faculty Opinions recommendation of Impact of aging and HIV infection on serologic response to seasonal influenza vaccination.

Pawelec

¹

2020

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature

0

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Objective: To determine influence of age and HIV infection on influenza vaccine responses.Design: Evaluate serologic response to seasonal trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) as the immunologic outcome in HIV-infected (HIV + ) and age-matched HIV negative (HIV − ) adults.Methods: During 2013-2016, 151 virologically controlled HIV + individuals on antiretroviral therapy and 164 HIV − volunteers grouped by age as young (<40 years), middle aged (40-59 years) and old (≥60 years) were administered TIV and investigated for serum antibody response to vaccine antigens.Results: At prevaccination (T0) titers were in seroprotective range in more than 90% of participants. Antibody titers increased in all participants postvaccination but frequency of classified vaccine responders to individual or all three vaccine antigens at 3-4 weeks was higher in HIV − than HIV + adults with the greatest differences manifesting in the young age group. Of the three vaccine strains in TIV, antibody responses at T2 were weakest against H3N2 with those to H1N1 and B antigens dominating. Among the age groups, the titers for H1N1 and B were lowest in old age, with evidence of an age-associated interaction in HIV + persons with antibody to B antigen.

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“…As part of a cohort study [ 30–32 ], blood was collected from 61 adult participants from the Durham–Raleigh–Chapel Hill, North Carolina, area at the Duke Clinical Research Unit, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina. Twenty-eight participants were aged 30–40 years, and 33 were aged 65–87 years.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poor Immunogenicity, Not Vaccine Strain Egg Adaptation, May Explain the Low H3N2 Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in 2012–2013

Cobey

¹

,

Gouma

²

,

Parkhouse

³

et al. 2018

Clinical Infectious Diseases

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BackgroundInfluenza vaccination aims to prevent infection by influenza virus and reduce associated morbidity and mortality; however, vaccine effectiveness (VE) can be modest, especially for subtype A(H3N2). Low VE has been attributed to mismatches between the vaccine and circulating influenza strains and to the vaccine’s elicitation of protective immunity in only a subset of the population. The low H3N2 VE in the 2012–2013 season was attributed to egg-adaptive mutations that created antigenic mismatch between the actual vaccine strain (IVR-165) and both the intended vaccine strain (A/Victoria/361/2011) and the predominant circulating strains (clades 3C.2 and 3C.3).MethodsWe investigated the basis of low VE in 2012–2013 by determining whether vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals were infected by different viral strains and by assessing the serologic responses to IVR-165, A/Victoria/361/2011, and 3C.2 and 3C.3 strains in an adult cohort before and after vaccination.ResultsWe found no significant genetic differences between the strains that infected vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. Vaccination increased titers to A/Victoria/361/2011 and 3C.2 and 3C.3 representative strains as much as to IVR-165. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that vaccination boosted cross-reactive immune responses instead of specific responses against unique vaccine epitopes. Only approximately one-third of the cohort achieved a ≥4-fold increase in titer.ConclusionsIn contrast to analyses based on ferret studies, low H3N2 VE in 2012–2013 in adults does not appear to be due to egg adaptation of the vaccine strain. Instead, low VE might have been caused by low vaccine immunogenicity in a subset of the population.

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A shortened interval between vaccinations with the trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine increases responsiveness in the aged

Cited by 8 publications

References 16 publications

Impact of aging and HIV infection on serologic response to seasonal influenza vaccination

Impact of aging and HIV infection on serologic response to seasonal influenza vaccination

Faculty Opinions recommendation of Impact of aging and HIV infection on serologic response to seasonal influenza vaccination.

Poor Immunogenicity, Not Vaccine Strain Egg Adaptation, May Explain the Low H3N2 Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in 2012–2013

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