A role for neuropeptide Y in neurobiological responses to ethanol and drugs of abuse

Thiele, Todd E.; Sparta, Dennis R.; Hayes, Dayna M.; Fee, Jon R.

doi:10.1016/j.npep.2004.04.005

Cited by 56 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…This effect, which contrasts with the suppressive effect generally seen with NPY [17], occurs with GAL injection into the ventricles as well as directly into the PVN and both in the presence and absence of food and water. Also, the opposite effect, a marked decrease in alcohol intake, can be observed with injection of the GAL antagonist, M40.…”

Section: Effects Of Galanin On Ingestive Behaviormentioning

confidence: 70%

Overconsumption of dietary fat and alcohol: Mechanisms involving lipids and hypothalamic peptides

Leibowitz

2007

Physiology & Behavior

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The studies described in this report provide interesting animal models for exploring some of the metabolic and neural antecedents to the over-consumption of fat and alcohol. The results provide strong support for the existence of positive feedback loops that involve a close relation between circulating lipids and orexigenic peptides in dorsal regions of the hypothalamus. The peptides involved in these circuits include galanin, enkephalin, dynorphin and orexin. These peptides are expressed in the paraventricular nucleus and perifornical lateral hypothalamus, and they have very different functions from peptides expressed in the arcuate nucleus. Through mechanisms involving circulating lipids that rise on energy-dense diets, these peptides in the dorsal hypothalamus are each increased by the consumption of fat and ethanol; these nutrients, in turn, stimulate further production of these same peptides that promote overeating and excess drinking. These mechanisms involving non-homeostatic, positive feedback circuits may be required under conditions when food supplies are scarce and periods of gorging are essential to survival. However, they have pathological and sometimes life-threatening consequences in modern society, where fat-rich foods and alcoholic drinks are abundantly available and are contributing to the marked rise over the past 25 years in obesity and diabetes in both children and adults.

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Section: Effects Of Galanin On Ingestive Behaviormentioning

confidence: 70%

Overconsumption of dietary fat and alcohol: Mechanisms involving lipids and hypothalamic peptides

Leibowitz

2007

Physiology & Behavior

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“…Many biological phenomena contribute to ethanolinduced responses. These include the involvement of neuropeptide-Y related pathways, [1][2][3][4] glutamate receptors, 5,6 GABA receptors, 7,8 the cAMP signalling pathway, 9,10 the BK potassium channel, SLO-1 [11][12][13] , and membrane perturbation. 14 Many genes and proteins are conserved between Caenorhabditis elegans and humans, including many of those that have been identified as playing a possible role in the effects of ethanol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The concentration-dependent effects of ethanol on Caenorhabditis elegans behaviour

et al. 2007

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The effects of ethanol on the brain are concentration dependent. Low concentrations (mM) intoxicate, while greater than 100 mM anaesthetize. Of most relevance to human alcohol addiction are mechanisms of intoxication. Previously, Caenorhabditis elegans has been employed in genetic screens to define effectors of intoxication. Here, we inform interpretation of these studies by providing evidence that ethanol rapidly equilibriates across C. elegans cuticle. Importantly, the effect of ethanol on muscle activity rapidly reaches steady-state, and the concentration-dependence of the effect is very similar in intact animals and exposed muscle. Thus the cuticle does not present an absorption barrier for ethanol, and furthermore the internal concentration is likely to approach that applied externally. Thus, modelling intoxication in C. elegans requires exposure to external ethanol less than 100 mM. Furthermore, the permeability of the cuticle to ethanol enables analysis of precisely controlled concentration-dependent effects of acute, chronic, and episodic ethanol exposure on behaviour.

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“…Several animal models have also demonstrated a reduction in NPY gene expression during alcohol withdrawal [46,47]. Furthermore, stress is believed to be one of the risk factors in the development of alcohol dependence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Neuropeptide Y Gene Polymorphisms and Alcohol Dependence: A Case-Control Study in Two Independent Populations

et al. 2013

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Background: Alcohol dependence is a chronic, progressive neurobiological brain disorder. Previous research reported an inverse association between ethanol drinking and cerebral neuropeptide Y (NPY) levels. There are conflicting results of studies on NPY gene polymorphisms in association with alcohol dependence in humans. Methods: To assess the role of the NPY gene in alcohol dependence, we genotyped three polymorphisms - in a sample of 195 subjects from the Kota population (80 alcohol dependence and 115 controls) and 141 subjects from the Badaga population (80 alcohol dependence and 61 controls). Phenotype was defined based on the DSM-IV criteria. Genotyping was performed using sequencing. Association of the NPY gene with alcohol dependence was tested by using logistic regression and haplotype analyses and linkage disequilibrium. Results: All three polymorphisms were found to be in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in both populations. The results of our study reveal a significant association between G1258A and alcohol dependence in both the Kota and Badaga populations. The linkage disequilibrium between the markers is not strong or significant. Haplotype analysis also did not show significant association between the NPY gene and alcohol dependence. Conclusion: These data support the hypothesis that alcohol dependence is influenced by the NPY G1258A polymorphism in Indian populations.

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A role for neuropeptide Y in neurobiological responses to ethanol and drugs of abuse

Cited by 56 publications

References 97 publications

Overconsumption of dietary fat and alcohol: Mechanisms involving lipids and hypothalamic peptides

Overconsumption of dietary fat and alcohol: Mechanisms involving lipids and hypothalamic peptides

The concentration-dependent effects of ethanol on Caenorhabditis elegans behaviour

Association between Neuropeptide Y Gene Polymorphisms and Alcohol Dependence: A Case-Control Study in Two Independent Populations

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