A robust optimization model for green supplier selection and order allocation in a closed-loop supply chain considering cap-and-trade mechanism

Abstract

Due to increasing air pollution, which is a consequence of the environmental effects of production in various industries, green supply chain management (GSCM) has attracted the attention of both scholars and practitioners. Green supplier selection is one of the most important problems in GSCM, which satisfies a firm's environmental goals as well as its economic targets. In this paper, for the first time, a green supplier