A risk assessment model for free flight-terminal area reduced separation

Cassell, Rick; Smith, Andrew Lloyd; Shepherd, Roger

doi:10.1109/dasc.1996.559138

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In 1996, Cassell [13] assessed the impact of different technologies on the safety of free flight operations based on the framework provided by RASRAM. Then, Swaminathan [14] modeled dynamic scenarios using event sequence diagrams (ESD) in Markov processes.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Route Structure to Human Factors: A Comprehensive Study of Safe Separation on Intersecting Air Routes

Lu,

Wang,

Zhang

2024

Applied Sciences

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The assessment of collision risk at intersecting air routes is a crucial method for determining safe separation during aircraft route flights. This paper employs the Monte Carlo method to analyze the operational characteristics of aircraft on intersecting air routes in two stages, integrating the influence of the human-operated adjustment process on the distance between the two aircrafts, so as to propose a collision risk assessment model more aligned with the actual operational process. The initial stage considers the positional errors to establish a distance distribution function between trailing and leading aircraft when the latter reaches the intersection. The subsequent stage calculates the minimum distance between the aircraft by combining the kinematic equations with the controller’s thinking and reactions, communications, the pilot’s reactivity, and time required for aircraft maneuvering. Ultimately, based on the intersection course configuration, Monte Carlo simulations were employed to assess the impact of variables, such as magnetic course and aircraft speed distribution, on collision risk. The study’s findings highlight the significance of aircraft positioning capabilities and speed maintenance performance. It also reveals that the collision risk results, simulated from various perspectives, offer a theoretical foundation for the development of intersecting air routes.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Route Structure to Human Factors: A Comprehensive Study of Safe Separation on Intersecting Air Routes

Lu,

Wang,

Zhang

2024

Applied Sciences

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“…Aircraft collision models have been developed by several authors to estimate the risk of collisions and to determine parameters such as safety distances, especially for commercial air traffic on highly frequented routes (Hockaday & Chatzijoanou, 1986;Machol, 1975) and also near airports (Cassell, Smith, & Shepherd, 1996;Endoh, 1982). The parameterizable models were used as the basis for safety rules in air traffic control and for the development of automated avoidance systems, such as the current Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) installed in all commercial airliners.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dealing with midair collisions in dense collective aerial systems

Leven

Zufferey

Floreano

2011

Journal of Field Robotics

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The idea of creating collective aerial systems is appealing because several rather simple flying vehicles could join forces to cover a large area in little time in applications such as monitoring, mapping, search and rescue, or airborne communication relays. In most of these scenarios, a fleet of cooperating vehicles is dispatched to a confined airspace area and requested to fly close to a nominal altitude. Moreover, depending on the task each vehicle is assigned to, individual flight trajectories in this essentially two-dimensional space may interfere, resulting in disastrous collisions. This paper begins by introducing a probabilistic model to predict the rate of midair collisions that would occur if nothing is done to prevent them. In a second step, a control strategy for midair collision avoidance is proposed, which is interesting because it requires only local communication and information about flight altitudes. The proposed strategy is systematically analyzed in theory and simulation as well as in experiments with five physical aerial vehicles. A significant reduction in collision rates can be achieved. Statistically, values close to zero are possible when the swarm's density is below an applicationdependent threshold. Such low collision rates warrant an acceptable level of confidence in collision-free operation of a physical swarm. C 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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“…But there was few researches on minimum safety distance in free flight environment. Reference [2] established the risk assessment model for free flight terminal area reduced separation and the model made quantitative analysis to the relations between separation reduction and collision risk. Reference [3] established separation minima model and analyzed the effects of factors on safety separation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on the Latest Maneuver Moment of Aircraft and the Minimum Safety Distance between Aircrafts in Free Flight

Zhang

Liu

Zhang

2014

AMM

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In order to guarantee the safety of flight in free flight environment, the minimum safety distance is needed to study. Considering the response delay of pilots and the lead time prior to initiating a maneuver, the latest maneuver moment is proposed. The position errors, which were affected by communication, navigation and surveillance (CNS) performances, were regarded as Brownian motion along the coordinate direction respectively. Then a model for collision risk in free flight environment was established basing on the stochastic differential equations. The latest maneuver moment can be obtained using dichotomy to optimize under the given Target Level of Safety (TLS). Introducing the time margin, the minimum safety distance is calculated. Finally, the feasibility of the model is verified by example.

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A risk assessment model for free flight-terminal area reduced separation

Cited by 6 publications

References 2 publications

From Route Structure to Human Factors: A Comprehensive Study of Safe Separation on Intersecting Air Routes

From Route Structure to Human Factors: A Comprehensive Study of Safe Separation on Intersecting Air Routes

Dealing with midair collisions in dense collective aerial systems

Research on the Latest Maneuver Moment of Aircraft and the Minimum Safety Distance between Aircrafts in Free Flight

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