A review on various temperature-indication methods for Li-ion batteries

Abstract

Temperature measurements of Li-ion batteries are important for assisting Battery Management Systems in controlling highly relevant states, such as State-of-Charge and State-of-Health. In addition, temperature measurements are essential to prevent dangerous situations and to maximize the performance and cycle life of batteries. However, due to thermal gradients, which might quickly develop during operation, fast and accurate temperature measurements can be rather challenging. For a proper selection of the temperature measurement method, aspects such as measurement range, accuracy, resolution, and costs of the method are important. After providing a brief overview of the working principle of Li-ion batteries, including the heat generation principles and possible consequences, this review gives a comprehensive overview of various temperature measurement methods that can be used for temperature indication of Li-ion batteries. At present, traditional temperature measurement methods, such as thermistors and thermocouples, are extensively used. Several recently introduced methods, such as impedance-based temperature indication and fiber Bragg-grating techniques, are under investigation in order to determine if those are suitable for largescale introduction in sophisticated battery-powered applications.

Instantaneous estimation of internal temperature in lithium‐ion battery by impedance measurement

“…Many researchers have provided abundant evidence to the conclusion that Arrhenius equation is reliable to describe the relationship between temperature and temperature‐indicators . The traditional Arrhenius equation is…”

“…However, higher power density will reduce thermal stability and cause thermal runaway eventually . To avoid thermal runaway, the thermometric resistance and thermocouple pasted to the surface are commonly used to monitor the real‐time temperature of battery cells . Thermal management or power cut can be performed immediately when abnormalities happen .…”

Towards impedance‐based temperature estimation for Li‐ion battery packs

“…For example, high battery temperatures can induce thermal runaway, which may cause fire or explosions and accelerate ageing of the battery, thus reducing lifetime and performance . Various temperature indication methods exist for Li‐ion batteries . While the measured surface temperature is usually assumed to be close to the (average) internal temperature of the battery, the internal temperature may differ significantly from the surface temperature, especially under (heavy) load conditions.…”

“…2 Various temperature indication methods exist for Li-ion batteries. 4 While the measured surface temperature is usually assumed to be close to the (average) internal temperature of the battery, the internal temperature may differ significantly from the surface temperature, especially under (heavy) load conditions. Under these conditions, substantial heat generation can occur internally in the battery cell.…”

Simplification strategy research on hard‐cased Li‐ion battery for thermal modeling

“…Moreover, in recent years, some novel methods have been developed, such as phase‐change materials cooling from liquid to gas and from solid to liquid, heat pipes cooling, or a combination use of them . The appropriate BTMS should comprehensively consider battery heat generation and the operating environment . With the development of numerical simulation analysis technology and related hardware and software, thermal modeling techniques have been widely applied to aid the design and research of BTMS.…”