A review on thermal management of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles

Abstract

In recent years, energy and environmental issues have become more and more prominent, and electric vehicles powered by lithium-ion battery have shown great potential and advantages in alleviating these issues. Compared with other batteries, lithium-ion batteries have the advantages of high specific energy, high energy density, long endurance, low self-discharge and long shelf life. However, temperature of the battery has become one of the most important parameters to be handled properly for the development and propagation of lithium-ion battery electric vehicles. Both the higher and lower temperature environments will seriously affect the battery capacity and the service life. Under high temperature environment, lithium-ion batteries may produce thermal runaway, resulting in short circuit, combustion, explosion and other safety problems. Lithium dendrites may appear in lithium-ion batteries at low temperature, causing short circuit, failure to start and other operational faults. In this paper, the used thermal management methods of lithium-ion batteries are introduced and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed and compared. At the same time, the prospect of future development is put forward.

Research Progress on the Phase Change Materials for Cold Thermal Energy Storage

“…Great prospects have been shown in refrigeration application, where the utilization of PCM reduces the compressor switching frequency, the energy consumption, and the operating cost. In the thermal management of electronic equipment, the application of PCM can effectively reduce the surface temperature rise of electronic equipment, reduce the battery surface temperature, and ensure the safety of electronic equipment [193]. With the increasing awareness of the importance of cold energy storage, the applications of PCM-CTES have also been expanded in various other fields.…”

Carbon-Coatings Improve Performance of Li-Ion Battery

“…LiNi 0.80 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 (NCA8115), one of the most common NCA cathode material, could achieve a specific capacity of 265 mAh g −1 with high specific energy of about 200 mAh g −1 , and it was reported the practical capacity could reach about 199 mAh g −1 , which was higher than that of LiCoO 2 at an average voltage of 3.7 V [ 95 ]. However, it exists the problems of low thermal stability, strict manufacturing condition and residual lithium compounds during synthesis [ 96 ]. For the performance deterioration of NCA, there are main four causes including cationic mixing, phase transition, residual lithium compounds, and microcracks, resulting in the presence of deficient cycling performance and thermal stability.…”

Electric Vehicles: Bibliometric Analysis of the Current State of the Art and Perspectives

“…However, those batteries have some disadvantages, such as low autonomy, long charging times, a high cost, and problems with safety and reliability [20,54]. Additionally, they are quite sensitive to extreme temperatures during operation [55,56], which may occur due to high charging current conditions, such as rapid charging or accelerations and consequently a sharp rise in temperature [57]. At high temperatures (>35 • C), electrochemical reactions can be intensified, generating heat and causing capacity weakening and aging [56,58].…”

“…The internal resistance increases due to a decrease in the rate of the diffusion of ions into the electrolyte and an increase in the viscosity of the electrolyte. This behavior can cause internal short circuits [55,61,62].…”