A review on the utilization of industrial biowaste via hydrothermal carbonization

Zhuang, Xinshu; Liu, Jianguo; Zhang, Qi; Wang, Chenguang; Zhan, Hao; Ma, Longlong

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2021.111877

Cited by 100 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 236 publications

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“…92 Until now, mechanism for carbonization, which is one of the most common reactions in HTC of algal biomass, has been investigated, and the overall reaction pathways for HTC of algae have been developed by Zhuang et al 93 It was reported that, unlike lignocellulose, the presence of protein in the algae complicates the reactions through (i) the Maillard rection between reducing sugars from polysaccharides and amino acids; (ii) the self-rearrangement of amino acids. 92 Aside from the complexity of the protein fraction, the inorganics present in the algae, particularly for the species cultivated in wastewater, might promote the HTC process by either producing a more stable aromatic nucleation or a smaller structure that is highly available for the carbon dispersion. 94,95 HTC exhibits advantageous impacts on the properties of hydrochar derived from algal biomass as the solid fuel by increasing the carbonization degree and fixed carbon content but lowering the O/C atomic ratio.…”

Section: Conversion Routes Advantages Disadvantagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the challenges for solid fuel production via HTC of biomass is the understanding of the chemistry behind the process. A number of relevant studies have employed both model compounds and real biomass in the HTC process to elucidate the underlying mechanism, along with the detailed chemical reactions, kinetics, and possible interaction effects between model compounds . Until now, mechanism for carbonization, which is one of the most common reactions in HTC of algal biomass, has been investigated, and the overall reaction pathways for HTC of algae have been developed by Zhuang et al It was reported that, unlike lignocellulose, the presence of protein in the algae complicates the reactions through (i) the Maillard rection between reducing sugars from polysaccharides and amino acids; (ii) the self-rearrangement of amino acids .…”

Section: Biofuels From Algaementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Recent Advances in Algae-Derived Biofuels and Bioactive Compounds

Feng

Kang

Salaudeen

et al. 2022

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Owing to the declining reserve of fossil resources as well as more concerns on climate change, and essential energy security, and especially the broad consensus on carbon neutralization, it is significantly critical to develop renewable and sustainable energy and chemicals. Algae as alternative resources can be applied to produce biofuels and biochemicals. Among them, algae-derived natural pigments exhibit high market value due to their uses in pharmaceutical and food industries. As a result of the developments of engineering tools, it is feasible to scale up algal processing and applications. Prior to the industrial implementation, life cycle assessment is required to ensure the environmental feasibility of algae-based biofuels and biochemicals. In this article, recent advances in processing algae for liquid, gas, and solid fuels are reviewed. New approaches for enhancing the natural pigment accumulation are also discussed. Recent studies on life cycle assessment of algae-based biofuels and biochemicals, as well as the main challenges faced by the algal biorefinery, are discussed in this manuscript.

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Section: Conversion Routes Advantages Disadvantagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biofuels From Algaementioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Algae-Derived Biofuels and Bioactive Compounds

Feng

Kang

Salaudeen

et al. 2022

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…A thorough description of the kinetic mechanism is reported in the paper, together with a heat transfer model. More recently, Zhuang et al [26] provided a comprehensive overview with the aim to highlight the actual knowledge of the technical mechanisms, application advantages, and economic benefits of hydrothermal carbonization.…”

Section: Introduction and Scopementioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal Carbonization: A Pilot-Scale Reactor Design for Bio-waste and Sludge Pre-treatment

Zaccariello

Battaglia

Morrone

et al. 2022

Waste Biomass Valor

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The purpose of the paper is to illustrate the basis of the design of a pilot-scale reactor built to convert putrescent and high-water content biowaste into a stabilized product by using the Hydrothermal Carbonization process (HTC). The hydrothermal carbonization of selected biowaste has been previously studied in a bench-scale reactor to optimize the process parameters such as the temperature, reaction time, water-to-dry matter ratio and then scaled up at a scale 30 times larger. The new pilot-scale reactor has a volume of 0.1 m3 and has been designed and certified to be operated at 300 °C and 86 bar, allowing a wide range of operating conditions. The design has been structured in two steps: process design (a) and mechanical design (b). The main results of the process design step have been: the installed heat power, the method to provide and control the heating, the minimum reaction time necessary to reach a given yield. The mechanical design focused on the scalability of the reactor, the extraction of reaction products from the reactor at the end of process and increasing of reliability and safety. The designed reactor has been then built, commissioned, and operated in such a way to validate the design criteria and hypotheses. The comparison between the experimental results and the design input dataset confirmed the correctness of the design data input but highlighted that the thermal efficiency of the pilot scale plant was low so indicating the need to enhance it for the demonstrative plant. Graphical Abstract

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“…Thus, HTC is selected as the conversion technology in this study to convert wet SCG into solid fuel. Based on recent studies, temperature, residence time, feedstock to water weight ratio, and catalyst type/dosage are the key parameters affecting the product yield and properties [3,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal Carbonization of Spent Coffee Grounds for Producing Solid Fuel

Gallant

Salaudeen

et al. 2022

Sustainability

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Spent coffee grounds (SCG) are industrial biowaste resulting from the coffee-brewing process, and they are often underutilized and end up in landfills, thereby leading to the emission of toxic gases and environmental damage. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is an attractive approach to valorize wet biomass such as SCG to valuable bioproducts (i.e., hydrochar). Thus, in this work, the HTC of SCG was carried out in a 500 L stainless steel vessel at 150, 170, 190, 210, and 230 °C for 30 min, 60 min, 90 min, and 120 min and a feedstock to water weight ratio of 1:5, 1:10, and 1:15, and the use of the resulting hydrochar as a solid fuel was evaluated. The results showed that a high energy recovery (83.93%) and HHV (23.54 MJ/kg) of hydrochar was obtained at moderate conditions (150 °C, 30 min, and feedstock to water weight ratio of 1:5) when compared with conventional approaches such as torrefaction. Following this, the surface morphology, functionality, and combustion behavior of this hydrochar were characterized by SEM, FTIR, and TGA, respectively. In short, it can be concluded that HTC is an effective approach for producing solid fuel from SCG and the resulting hydrochar has the potential to be applied either in domestic heating or large-scale co-firing plants.

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A review on the utilization of industrial biowaste via hydrothermal carbonization

Cited by 100 publications

References 236 publications

Recent Advances in Algae-Derived Biofuels and Bioactive Compounds

Recent Advances in Algae-Derived Biofuels and Bioactive Compounds

Hydrothermal Carbonization: A Pilot-Scale Reactor Design for Bio-waste and Sludge Pre-treatment

Hydrothermal Carbonization of Spent Coffee Grounds for Producing Solid Fuel

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