A review on the synthesis, properties, and characterizations of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) for energy conversion and storage applications

Charge transfer in TiO2-based photocatalysis: fundamental mechanisms to material strategies

“…In the all-solid-state Z-scheme charge transfer mechanism, a solid conductor is employed to realize the transfer of excited charges between the components of the nanocomposites instead of redox shuttles because the solid conductors preferentially prevent the back reactions during photocatalysis and allow fast charge transfer in the nanocomposites. [170][171][172] The application of a solid conductor significantly reduces the charge-transfer length for the acceleration of redox reactions. Further, the all-solid-state Z-scheme charge transfer mechanism is also applicable to photocatalysis in the liquid and gaseous states.…”

“…206 Accordingly, the inactive photoexcited electrons and holes are removed through their recombination, leaving functional photoexcited electrons and holes with the highest thermodynamic energy to perform accelerated redox reactions. 172,207,208 The spatial separation of excited charges and the high thermodynamic energies of excited electrons and holes in S-scheme charge transfer TiO 2 -based nanocomposites have vast applications in water splitting, CO 2 reduction and pollutant degradation. Liao et al constructed a heterojunction between BiOI and TiO 2 nanofibers, which was applied for the photocatalytic decomposition of organic pollutants.…”

“…206 Accordingly, the inactive photoexcited electrons and holes are removed through their recombination, leaving functional photoexcited electrons and holes with the highest thermodynamic energy to perform accelerated redox reactions. 172,207,208…”

Study on the Synthesis and Photocatalytic Performance of Modified TiO2 Supported by G‐C3N4 in the Degradation of 2,4‐Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

“…87-1526). [29,30] diffraction peaks of mod.TiO 2 and pristine g-C 3 N 4 are visible in the XRD patterns for the mod.TiO 2 /g-C 3 N 4 nanocomposites, indicating the coexistence of these compounds in the composites. However a slight change in the nanocomposites was noticed: when the amount of mod.TiO 2 in the composite decreases, the intensity of the characteristic peaks for mod.TiO 2 gradually weakens, while the peaks specific to g-C 3 N 4 gradually intensify, indicating a strong interaction between g-C 3 N 4 and mod.TiO 2 .…”

“…[25] Graphite carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ), a non-metallic semiconductor material recently has attracted much attention because of its narrow bandgap (~2.7 eV), good mechanical durability, high chemical stability and being easy biodegradable. [29,30] However, the photocatalytic efficiency of g-C 3 N 4 is hindered due to its low specific surface area (10-15 m 2 g À 1 ) which is insufficient for visible -light absorption, and rapid recombination of photoinduced electron-hole pairs. These are the shortcomings that confine g-C 3 N 4 to photocatalytic applications.…”