A review on the state-of-the-art of physical/chemical and biological technologies for biogas upgrading

Abstract

14The lack of tax incentives for biomethane use requires the optimization of both biogas 15 production and upgrading in order to allow the full exploitation of this renewable energy

A review on prospects and challenges of biological H2S removal from biogas with focus on biotrickling filtration and microaerobic desulfurization

“…However, dosing points and recirculating methods are independent. Among different combinations, dosing air in the headspace with liquid recirculation is most frequently used (Muñoz et al, 2015). As mentioned earlier, desulfurization can occur directly into the main digester or in a separate microaerobic compartment.…”

“…Contrary, when the air/oxygen is bubbled into the liquid phase, a fraction of oxygen is used to oxidize the degradable organic compounds leading to some losses of oxygen. Under such circumstances, higher amounts of air/oxygen need to be dosed into the reactor which would result in an increased possibility of biogas contamination and dilution as discussed earlier In order to determine the proper dosage of air/oxygen injected into the reactor, a ratio in relation to the biogas production (O2 rate/biogas rate) has been proposed by Muñoz et al (2015). They argued that a 0.3-3% O2 rate in relation to biogas production rate is suitable for microaeration.…”

Development of a Model for Water Scrubbing‐Based Biogas Upgrading and Biomethane Compression

“…Bauer et al reported that the investment costs of water scrubbing plants with a capacity of 100 Sm 3 h −1 amounts to 5000 € Sm −3 h, while they linearly decrease from 5000 to 2500 € Sm −3 h when the biogas capacity to be processed increases from 100 to 500 Sm 3 h −1 . Munoz et al reported that the investment costs are in the range of 1800–2000 € Sm −3 h for plant capacities over 1000 Sm 3 h −1 . According to , , , the operating costs range from 0.11 to 0.15 € per 1 Sm 3 biomethane, which are mainly caused by both energy consumption and annual maintenance costs (2–3 % of the investment costs).…”

Biogas purification via optimal microalgae growth: A literature review

“…CO 2 , N 2 , H 2 O, and H 2 S constitute the major contaminants of biogas, since they decrease its specific calorific value. Besides, high levels of H 2 S in combination with condensate H 2 O causes corrosion in compressors, pipelines, gas storage tanks, and engines …”