A review on Hyssopus officinalis L.: Composition and biological activities

Abstract

Hyssopus officinalis L. (Hyssop) is one of the most popular herbal preparations, mainly distributed in the East Mediterranean to central Asia. The plant has been used traditionally for medicinal purposes; generally, these therapeutic uses and health benefits of hyssop are largely based on folklore rather than on scientific substantiation, making it a good candidate to gather documentations, including the phytochemical content, in vitro experiments, animal models and human studies available in the recent scientific studies. A literature review on the chemical and biological aspects of the plant indicates that the main constituents of H. officinalis include several polyphenolic compounds, primarily the flavonoids apigenin, quercetin, diosmin, luteolin and their glucosides followed by other phenolic compounds chlorogenic, protocatechuic, ferulic, syringic, p-hydroxybenzoic and caffeic acids. Reports on the essential oils extracted from aerial parts of H. officinalis revealed several principal components, including terpenoids pinocamphone, isopinocamphone and β-pinene. Hyssop has moderate antioxidant and antimicrobial activity against Gram positive and negative bacteria activities together with antifungal and insecticidal antiviral properties in vitro. Animal model studies indicate myorelaxant, antiplatelet and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities for this plant. However, human studies, adverse reactions and clinical trials examining the reported properties of hyssop are absent and needs more attention to determine whether biological differences in findings of the studies reflect the different isolation procedures, different types of plant material used, collection time, locations or different chemotypes.

The effect of encapsulated plant extract of hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) in biopolymer nanoemulsions of Lepidium perfoliatum and Orchis mascula on controlling oxidative stability of soybean oil

“…Despite the fact that the plant has a bitter taste, it is used in the food industry as a food flavor agent. The application of this plant in the medical industry is used for the antifungal, detomidine, and analgesic use of the stomach, which has not been mentioned in all scientific applications (Ebrahimzadeh, Nabavi, Nabavi, Bahramian, & Bekhradnia, 2010;Fathiazad & Hamedeyazdan, 2011;Kizil, Hasimi, Tolan, & KARATAS, H., 2010). The total phenol content of the extract was reported 117.43 ± 9.22 mg GA/100 g E. In a study by Vlase et al (2014), the amount of phenolic compounds extracted in the hyssopus extract, which was obtained using the ethanol solvent and maceration method, was 77.72 mg/g, indicating that the plant due to have phenolic compounds shows antioxidant and medicinal properties.…”

Fumigant Toxicity of Lamiaceae Plant Essential Oils and Blends of Their Constituents against Adult Rice Weevil Sitophilus oryzae

“…This difference might be attributed to the use of different strains of S. oryzae . Although essential oil and solvent extracts of hyssop have been documented to show antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiviral, cytotoxicity, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, the biological activities of pinocamphone and isopinocamphone, main constituents of hyssop oil, have not been well documented [25]. In this study, we isolated two main components from hyssop oil and determined their fumigant toxicities against S. oryzae adults for the first time.…”

Potential Use of Hyssopus officinalis and Borago officinalis as Curing Ingredients in Pork Meat Formulations

“…In other studies by Mhamdi et al [52], in which the amount of polyphenols was analysed throughout stalk leaf development, syringic acid was predominant on the 60th day after the appearance of cotyledon and then sinapic and rosmarinic acids on the 105th day following cotyledon formation. The differences appearing among various herb samples (resulting from variation in isolation methods, collection time, locations or different chemotypes) may be the main cause of the inconsistencies presented in various studies [53].…”