A review on detection of heavy metal ions in water – An electrochemical approach

Gumpu, Manju Bhargavi; Sethuraman, Swaminathan; Krishnan, Uma Maheswari; Rayappan, John Bosco Balaguru

doi:10.1016/j.snb.2015.02.122

Cited by 866 publications

(386 citation statements)

References 201 publications

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“…Recently, pollution of water sources with heavy metal ions has become one of the most important problems all over the world [1]. Cadmium, which is widely used in paints, batteries, plastics, photoconductors and photovoltaic cells, is considered as the main pollutant because of its toxic and non biodegradable nature [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ADSORPTION KINETICS OF Cd2+ IONS ONTO MgPz THIN FILM

Can

Ömür

Altındal

2016

ANADOLU UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY a - Applied Sciences and Engineering

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A (2,3,7,8,12,13,17,-porphyrazinato)Mg(II) functionalized quartz crystal microbalance sensor has been developed for the detection of trace Cd 2+ ions in water samples. The quartz crystal microbalance results indicated that the MgPz coated sensor exhibited high sensitivity, stability and selectivity for the detection of Cd 2+ in aqueous solution. The lowest detection limit can reach 10 g/ml Cd 2+ in aqueous solution, which resulted in the frequency shift of  150 Hz. The observed adsorption data were analyzed using four adsorption kinetic models; the Elovich equation, Ritchie's equation, pseudo first-and second-order equations. Results show that the linear regression analysis with respect to pseudosecond-order rate equation generates a straight line that best fit to the data of adsorption of Cd 2+ on Pz film.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ADSORPTION KINETICS OF Cd2+ IONS ONTO MgPz THIN FILM

Can

Ömür

Altındal

2016

ANADOLU UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY a - Applied Sciences and Engineering

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“…This suggested that the operation of the sensor should not be interfered with other chemicals that might be presented in the test medium. Fe III, Cu II, Ni II and MG II and were considered to be carcinogens and may also interfere with lead bismuth reaction [31][32][33][34]. Iron sulfate pentahydrate, cooper sulfate pentahydrate, nickel sulfate hexahydrate and magnesium sulfate heptahydrate were used.…”

Section: Interference Study Of This Lead Ions Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simple, Cost-Effective Sensor for Detecting Lead Ions in Water Using Under-Potential Deposited Bismuth Sub-Layer with Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV)

Dai

Liu

2017

Preprint

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Abstract:The accumulation of high levels of lead or lead ions in a human body is harmful, particularly to children. Its neurotoxic effect is profound, damaging the central and peripheral nervous systems, resulting in stunted growth, behavioral problems and learning disabilities. The major source of lead or lead ions comes from the drinking water and tap water. The assessment of the water quality, including lead or lead ion content, is usually completed by a regional water department professional. This assessment is time-consuming and requires expensive instruments and skilled operators.Therefore, there is a need to produce a simple-use and relatively inexpensive method to detect lead or lead ions in water samples. This research has developed a simple-use, cost effective sensor system for the detection of lead ions in tap water. An underpotential deposited bismuth sub-layer on a thin gold film based electrochemical sensor was designed, manufactured and evaluated.Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) measurement technique was employed in this detection. Tap water from the Cleveland, Ohio, USA regional water district was the test medium. Concentrations of lead ion in the range of 8 X 10 -8 M to 8 x 10 -4 M were evaluated.This DPV detection system required 3 -6 minutes to complete the detection measurement. A longer measurement time of 6 minutes was used for the lower lead ion concentration. The selectivity of this lead ion sensor was very good, and Fe III, Cu II, Ni II and Mg II at a concentration level of 5×10 -4 M did not interfere with the lead ion measurement.

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“…[27] For example, both inorganic and organic complexes of copper can be absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in damage in the nervous system and kidneys. [28] Cu(II) is also an essential and necessary micronutrient for many plants and animals at very low levels. [29] However, it is toxic to aquatic plants at high levels due to its association with cell membranes, preventing the transport across the wall cell.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Erratum to “Novel Facial Conducting Polyamide-Based Dithiophenylidene Cyclyhexanone Moiety Utilized for Selective Cu²⁺ Sensing”

Hussein

Rahman

Asiri

2017

Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering

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The present work is aimed to synthesize a novel series of linear polyamides (PAs) 4 a-d based on di (thiazolyl-thiophenylidene)cyclyhexanone as well as carries aliphatic and aromatic species in the polymer main backbones. The polymerization process was occurred by solution polycondensation technique by the interaction of the newly synthesized monomer 3 with adepoyl, sebacoyl, terphthaloyl, and isophthaloyldiacid chlorides. Before polymerization, the structure of monomer 3 was confirmed by elemental and spectral analyses. The structures of polymers were also investigated by elemental, spectral analysis, thermal analysis, and Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) micrographs. Film draw temperatures for all the polymers were evaluated in the range 509.0-542.3°C. Here, the heavy metallic sensors are developed with the polyamide-fabricated glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by reliable current vs. voltage technique. A thin layer of PA onto GCE was fabricated with conducting coating agents (5% nafion) to fabricate a selective heavy metal ions, Cu 2þ sensor in short response time in phosphate buffer phase. The fabricated sensor was also exhibited higher sensitivity, lower detection limit, large dynamic concentration ranges, long-term stability, and improved electrochemical performances toward Cu 2þ sensor. The calibration plot is linear (r 2 : 0.9956) over the large Cu 2þ ion concentration ranges (1.0 nM to 10.0 mM). The sensitivity and detection limit is 3.4177 µA cm −2 µM −1 and 0.36 nM (signal-to-noise ratio of 3) respectively. This novel effort is initiated a well-organized way of efficient cationic sensor improvement with conductive polymers for heavy metallic pollutants in environmental and health-care fields in large scales. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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A review on detection of heavy metal ions in water – An electrochemical approach

Cited by 866 publications

References 201 publications

ADSORPTION KINETICS OF Cd2+ IONS ONTO MgPz THIN FILM

ADSORPTION KINETICS OF Cd2+ IONS ONTO MgPz THIN FILM

A Simple, Cost-Effective Sensor for Detecting Lead Ions in Water Using Under-Potential Deposited Bismuth Sub-Layer with Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV)

Erratum to “Novel Facial Conducting Polyamide-Based Dithiophenylidene Cyclyhexanone Moiety Utilized for Selective Cu²⁺ Sensing”

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A review on detection of heavy metal ions in water – An electrochemical approach

Cited by 866 publications

References 201 publications

ADSORPTION KINETICS OF Cd2+ IONS ONTO MgPz THIN FILM

ADSORPTION KINETICS OF Cd2+ IONS ONTO MgPz THIN FILM

A Simple, Cost-Effective Sensor for Detecting Lead Ions in Water Using Under-Potential Deposited Bismuth Sub-Layer with Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV)

Erratum to “Novel Facial Conducting Polyamide-Based Dithiophenylidene Cyclyhexanone Moiety Utilized for Selective Cu2+ Sensing”

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Erratum to “Novel Facial Conducting Polyamide-Based Dithiophenylidene Cyclyhexanone Moiety Utilized for Selective Cu²⁺ Sensing”