A Review on Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-Induced Arthritic Rat Model: Factors Leading to its Success

Ismail, Che Aishah Nazariah; Noh, Ain’ Sabreena Mohd; Tan, Dai Chuan; Khir, Nurul Ajilah Mohamed; Shafin, Nazlahshaniza

doi:10.31436/imjm.v21i4.2026

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The current study depends on a modified aggressive arthritis model with CFA (1 mg/mL Mycobacterium tuberculosis, heat killed in mineral oil) [ 49 ], where a dose of 0.4 mL of CFA was injected SC on the planter surface in each right hind limb of each rat every four days for twelve days [ 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano Methotrexate versus Methotrexate in Targeting Rheumatoid Arthritis

et al. 2022

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Nanomedicine has emerged as an important approach for targeting RA medication. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a widespread autoimmune disorder marked by multiple inflamed joints. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been demonstrated as efficacious nanocarriers due to their unique characteristics and the relative simplicity of their synthesis in varied sizes; moreover, they have the capability to alleviate several inflammatory markers. The current objective was to combine methotrexate (MTX) with GNPs to overcome MTX restrictions. GNPs were fabricated by a chemical reduction technique, utilizing sodium citrate and tween 20. The MTX-GNPs formulations were characterized in vitro by % entrapment efficiency (%EE), particle size, polydispersity index (PDI) zeta potential, and % release. The MTX-GNPs formulation was administrated as an intra-articular solution, and additionally, incorporated into a Carbopol gel to investigate its anti-arthritic effectiveness and bioavailability in vivo. The results indicated that a %EE of 87.53 ± 1.10%, and a particle size of 60.62 ± 2.41 nm with a PDI of 0.31 ± 0.03, and a zeta potential of −27.80 ± 0.36 mV were optimal. The in vitro release of MTX from the MTX-GNPs formulation demonstrated that the MTX-GNPs formulation’s release was 34.91± 1.96% and considerably (p < 0.05) lower than that of free MTX, showing a significant difference in dissolution patterns (p < 0.05). In vivo, MTX-GNPs formulations inhibited IL-6 by 36.52%, ACCP (63.25 %), COMP (28.16%), and RANKL (63.67%), as well as elevated IL-10 by 190.18%. Transdermal MTX-GNPs decreased IL-6 by 22.52%, ACCP (56.63%), COMP (52.64%), and RANKL (79.5%), as well as increased IL-10 by 168.37%. Histological investigation supported these recent findings. Conclusions: Marked improvements in MTX anti-arthritic effects are seen when it is conjugated to GNPs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano Methotrexate versus Methotrexate in Targeting Rheumatoid Arthritis

et al. 2022

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“…The experimental procedure involved the induction of rheumatoid arthritis in rats with the subcutaneous injection of 0.1ml of complete Freund's adjuvant into the planter region of the right hind paw (Ismail et al, 2022;El-Tanbouly et al, 2022).…”

Section: Rheumatoid Arthritis Inductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological Screening of Anti-arthritic Effect of Biological Synthesis ZnONPs by Syzygium aromaticum in Rats

Mahmood Ahmad,

M.S. Ibrahim

2023

AAVS

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The study was conducted to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) biologically by using Syzagium aromaticam extract and evaluate the effect against Polyarthritis produced by complete Freund's Adjuvants injected (S.c.) into the hind paw. The confirmation of the synthesis and characterization of ZnONPs was achieved through the utilization of a UV-spectrophotometer and SEM. For this purpose, eighteen adult male rats 200 ± 50 g at six months of age will be randomly divided into three groups, each containing six rats. Groups 2 and 3 were treated daily for 14 days from the day of Freund's adjuvant injection with SaZnONPs and piroxicam at doses 2.5 and 5 mg/kg B.W., respectively, while (Group 1) was positive control. Blood samples were obtained using cardiac puncture at three time points during the experiment: at the beginning (zero time) and on the 12th and 21st day. These samples were collected specifically for serum collection. In the present investigation, the administration of SaZnONPs to infected rats yielded noteworthy reductions in the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. SaZnONPs demonstrated an elevation in the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, which is known to play a crucial role in safeguarding tissues against damage caused by inflammation. These results led us to hypothesize that SaZnONPs therapy speeds up the switch from an inflammatory to an anti-inflammatory response during the healing process. The histopathological observation showed that a section of a joint in groups treated with SaZnONPs had a normal joint cavity with normal articular cartilage compared with other treated groups. Accordingly, the findings of the present study suggested that ZnONPs reinforced with clove can be anti-arthritis treatments and may be utilized as a substitute for medicines currently on the market.

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“…CFA-induced arthritis is more severe and systemic, 9 compared to antigen-free adjuvants such as incomplete Freund’s adjuvant (IFA) and pristine. 10 Its efficiency in stimulating antibody production is reported to be greater than other types of adjuvant. 10 It also produces nociceptive responses that may assist researchers in discovering new potential therapeutic drugs to combat arthritic pain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 10 Its efficiency in stimulating antibody production is reported to be greater than other types of adjuvant. 10 It also produces nociceptive responses that may assist researchers in discovering new potential therapeutic drugs to combat arthritic pain. 11 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ondansetron or beta-sitosterol antagonizes inflammatory responses in liver, kidney, lung and heart tissues of irradiated arthritic rats model

Maarouf,

Abdel-Rafei,

Thabet

et al. 2024

Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol

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Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder mainly affecting joints, yet the systemic inflammation can influence other organs and tissues. The objective of this study was to unravel the ameliorative capability of Ondansetron (O) or β-sitosterol (BS) against inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress that complicates Extra-articular manifestations (EAM) in liver, kidney, lung, and heart of arthritic and arthritic irradiated rats. Methods This was accomplished by exposing adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rats to successive weekly fractions of total body γ-irradiation (2 Gray (Gy)/fraction once per week for four weeks, up to a total dose of 8 Gy). Arthritic and/or arthritic irradiated rats were either treated with BS (40 mg/kg b.wt. /day, orally) or O (2 mg/kg) was given ip) or were kept untreated as model groups. Results Body weight changes, paw circumference, oxidative stress indices, inflammatory response biomarkers, expression of Janus kinase-2 (JAK-2), Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), high mobility group box1 (HMGB1), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), as well as pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators in the target organs, besides histopathological examination of ankle joints and extra-articular tissues. Treatment of arthritic and/or arthritic irradiated rats with BS or O powerfully alleviated changes in body weight gain, paw swelling, oxidative stress, inflammatory reactions, and histopathological degenerative alterations in articular and non-articular tissues. Conclusion The obtained data imply that BS or O improved the articular and EAM by regulating oxidative and inflammatory indices in arthritic and arthritic irradiated rats.

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A Review on Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-Induced Arthritic Rat Model: Factors Leading to its Success

Cited by 7 publications

References 42 publications

Nano Methotrexate versus Methotrexate in Targeting Rheumatoid Arthritis

Nano Methotrexate versus Methotrexate in Targeting Rheumatoid Arthritis

Pharmacological Screening of Anti-arthritic Effect of Biological Synthesis ZnONPs by Syzygium aromaticum in Rats

Ondansetron or beta-sitosterol antagonizes inflammatory responses in liver, kidney, lung and heart tissues of irradiated arthritic rats model

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