A Review on Characteristics and Potential Applications of Henna Leaves (Lawsonia inermis)

Abstract

This review paper reports the studies available on the characteristics and applications of the henna (Lawsonia inermis) as a natural dye. Textile materials are mainly from synthetic dyes and fibers which are not renewable and not biodegradable. Around 30 million of tonnes was estimated for the global consumption of textiles and was expected to grow up to 3% per annum while 70,000 tonnes of dyes were released to the environment. The population of people who will have allergic to the chemicals will grow up to 60% by year 2020 which was stated in business week. Apart from that, natural dyes can be extracted and process from various sources such as plants, leaves, minerals, roots, barks and insect sections. Plants that was found in the world approximately 20% were for the pharmaceutical or biological test and new antibiotics were introduced in the market are obtain from natural or semi-synthetic resources. For the biological test, henna oil was tested against Staphylococcus aureus which was 870 μg/mL and Neisseria gonorrhoeae was 87 μg/mL respectively while henna leaves extraction using methanol of 95% showed significant in-vitro antihyperglycemic effect. Chemical contains in the henna are carbohydrates as 33.62%, fibers as 33.5%, fatty oils as 10–11% and essential oil as 0.01–0.02%. Moreover, the good UV absorbency for the henna dyed cotton was at 900 °C for 60 minutes and the colour fastness for the fabric which was dyed with henna is 4 which is good. Henna dye has slightly negative charge for the higher pH 9 for the washing fastness. The optimize condition for the pre-mordant is 4% for the copper sulphate (CuSO4) for cotton with the extraction of henna leaves. Furthermore, the optimum condition for the henna to remove lead Pb (II) from wastewater are pH 6, contact time is 80 minutes, 10 ppm for the initial metal concentration and 0.75 g/L for adsorbent dosage.

Novel Henna-Related Naphthazarine Photosensitizers for an Effective Photodynamic Therapy of Onychomycosis

“…We considered Henna/Lawson to be highly keratinophilic and obviously able to accumulate within the nail compartment. In line with this notion, Henna extracts have been used for hair, skin, and natural textile dyeing for a long time, and the color effects on keratin caused by Henna typically last for a few months. , Not surprisingly, the key ingredient of Henna and Lawson, having a maximum absorption at 332 nm wavelength, showed no sufficient PDT antifungal activity, as we learned from our experiments using T. rubrum and C.…”

“…In line with this notion, Henna extracts have been used for hair, skin, and natural textile dyeing for a long time, and the color effects on keratin caused by Henna typically last for a few months. 25,26 Not surprisingly, the key ingredient of Henna and Lawson, having a maximum absorption at 332 nm wavelength, showed no sufficient PDT antifungal activity, as we learned from our experiments using T. rubrum and C. albicans cell cultures (see Table 1). Although not true for Lawson itself, further substituted naphthoquinones, namely, naphthazarines, 27 for which we considered similar keratinophilic features, have been reported to generate ROS upon irradiation.…”

“…Notably, in addition to the naturally existing favorable penetration of the naphthazarins into the keratin compartment, 26 an optimized vanish formulation and suitable pretreatment measures (e.g., with urea) may be helpful to further increase their bioavailability in the nail. 52 Nevertheless, having shown the promising keratinophilic features of the naphthazarins, we tested 2 and 10 along with reference compounds in a mycosis-infected keratin model 53 toward their actual PDT efficacy.…”