“…During the past decades, the heat transfer phenomenon in CMs has received considerable attention. CMs have considerable applications in advanced thermal dissipation management systems, such as compact heat exchangers (Arasteh et al, 2019;Buonomo et al, 2020;Huisseune et al, 2015;Kotresha and Gnanasekaran, 2020;Sertkaya et al, 2012), thermal energy storages (Xu et al, 2020;Yang et al, 2019), electronics heat sinks (Li et al, 2021a(Li et al, , 2021b, and fuel cells (Dukhan and Hmad, 2022;Vazifeshenas et al, 2020), due to their high surface-to-volume ratio (SA:V) (from about 500 to over 10000 m 2 /m 3 ), highly conducting lattice frameworks, ultra-low weight with high strength characteristics and ability to create tortuous flow-paths to promote mixing and disturbance of the fluid flow. Consequently, the three-dimensional vortices, such as horseshoe and arch-shaped vortex, caused by the tortuous path followed by a fluid passing through the CM further augment heat transfer Fin-andelliptical tube heat exchanger (Kim et al, 2005;Liang et al, 2022).…”