A review of the sustainability of vaccine funding across Europe and implications for post-COVID policymaking

Lawlor, Ryan; Wilsdon, Tim; Rémy-Blanc, Vanessa; Nogal, Agustín Álvarez; Pană, Adrian

doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2022.08.004

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…Horizon scanning supports planning expenditures to ensure the timely availability of new vaccines [ 3 ]; however, countries that implement this process do not necessarily introduce vaccines early [ 12 ]. In Poland, the horizon scanning process does not function in other therapy areas where new therapies are emerging, i.e., rare diseases.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The recent legislative changes in resource allocation offer increased flexibility for the MoH, yet challenges may persist. European countries have stable or dynamic budgets, supporting vaccinations with transparent resource allocation mechanisms and strategic immunization planning [ 3 ]. Also, in Poland, sustained resource commitment with transparent accountability mechanisms is required.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multiple factors and stakeholders shape the immunization landscape in European countries, which differ significantly by immunization budget, country-specific policies, institutions, population access modalities, and funding pathways. Most studies evaluating country policies and decision-making processes focus on Western countries [ 3 , 4 , 5 ], which allocate more resources to immunization programs than Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries [ 6 ]. Public immunization financing data are limited, reporting methods vary [ 6 , 7 ], and a high proportion of total health expenditures are out-of-pocket and private insurance payments [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improving Vaccine Assessment Pathways and Decision Making in the Polish Immunization Program

Czech,

Augustynowicz,

Byliniak

et al. 2024

Vaccines

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This study examines the vaccine market access pathway in Poland to evaluate its efficiency and propose recommendations for its improvement. The research spans a comprehensive analysis of the vaccine assessment process, ranging from pre-registration to sustainability, encompassing critical components such as national immunization technical advisory groups (NITAGs), health technology assessments, resource evaluations, and decision making. This investigation utilizes a multi-phase approach. Initial desk research aimed to collect accumulated evidence about each step of the vaccine access pathway. This constituted the background for an expert panel discussion (n = 13) and a final online questionnaire (n = 12), evaluating the timeframes, inclusiveness, transparency, and consistency of the elements of the process. Poland is a late adopter of new vaccines. The country faces budget constraints and lacks a formalized framework for the inclusion of vaccines into the national immunization program. Notably, NITAGs play a crucial role, yet their limited resources and dependence on public health stakeholders diminish their impact. A formal and well-supported advisory body may become a foundation for decision-making processes. The health technology assessment conducted by the national agency is recognized for its timeliness and transparency, though the absence of fiscal analyses in vaccine assessments is identified as a gap that limits the understanding of the value of vaccinations. Resources are key drivers of decision making, and recent changes in legislation offer increased flexibility in financing vaccines. Challenges in the procurement process include a limited consideration of non-acquisition costs and an increased absence of a documented general strategy for immunization program development in Poland, pointing to a need for strategic planning. In conclusion, this study recommends the establishment of a robust NITAG with enhanced resources, incorporating fiscal analyses, transparent resource allocation, and strategic planning for immunization program development. Addressing these recommendations is crucial for optimizing Poland’s vaccine market access pathway, ensuring timely and efficient population-wide vaccine access.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Improving Vaccine Assessment Pathways and Decision Making in the Polish Immunization Program

Czech,

Augustynowicz,

Byliniak

et al. 2024

Vaccines

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“…For collaborative partnerships, strategic interventions include: equitable access 1,6,7,9,15,17,19,22,23,27 -achieved through adherence to donor commitments and pledging systems 1,6,7,9,15 , building equitable access clauses into future AMC negotiations 22,23 , ensuring a degree of governmental ownership 6,27 , and diversifying the Developing Countries Vaccine Manufacturers Network (DCVMN) 17,27 ; strong collaborative action 1,6,13,16,19,28 -enabled by streamlining partnerships 1,16,28 , engaging the private sector in immunization efforts 1,16,19 , mobilizing adequate funding 1,16 , and conducting landscape analyses 1,16,19 ; and sharing of know-how and technology transfer 7,8,[15][16][17]20,21,28 , enabled by the creation of a manufacturers' portfolio 15 and a common framework for industry-industr...…”

Section: Alternative Financing Models and Funding Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Governments should maintain a degree of ownership in developing or manufacturing vaccines when providing public funding or pull incentives 6,27 . This ownership provides governments with leverage to influence affordable pricing, encourage the licensing of intellectual property, and mandate expanded registration and supply, ensuring that vaccines meet the population's needs.…”

Section: Equitable Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable financing of immunization programs: A narrative review of the literature

Yim,

Cabrera,

Moore

et al. 2024

Popul. Med.

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Countries have varied approaches to incorporating immunization into national health budgets, with little sharing of know-how and best practices. The diversion of resources from routine immunization due to the COVID-19 pandemic, highlights the need to increase the sustainability and resilience of existing vaccination infrastructure. Strategies for sustainable financing of immunization programs were reviewed and assessed on how they fit within the Immunization Agenda 2030 framework proposed by the WHO. We conducted a narrative literature review and analyzed existing knowledge using a thematic framework. The eligibility criteria for review articles were that they were peer reviewed, including grey literature, in English, and focusing on sustainable financing strategies for immunization programs unrelated to COVID-19 at an international or regional level. The review identified 24 articles that met inclusion criteria. The areas identified were ensuring sufficient, predictable resources, securing effective public financial management, enhancing collaborative partnerships and facilitating sustainable transition from external donor support. Recommendations include enhancing public-private partnerships (PPPs), ensuring alternative funding models, establishing credible regulatory bodies, and fostering technology transfer. To achieve sustainable financing, a multi-faceted approach is needed: increasing government funding, diversifying funding sources, investing in vaccine development infrastructure, establishing regulatory bodies, and fostering PPPs.

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Public Knowledge and Beliefs Regarding Pharmacy-Based Immunization in Poland—A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study, 2024

Wrześniewska-Wal,

Grudziąż-Sękowska,

Pinkas

et al. 2024

Vaccines

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Pharmacy vaccinations are a key public health intervention. This study aimed to assess society’s knowledge about pharmacy vaccinations in Poland. A cross-sectional study was conducted from 10 to 13 May 2024 among 1126 adults; the survey questionnaire contained 13 closed questions. Men (OR: 1.32; [1.02–1.70]; p < 0.05), and people aged 50–64 (OR: 1.55; [1.05–2.28]; p < 0.05), people with higher education (OR:1.74; [1.35–2.26]; p < 0.001), and people declaring trust in the pharmacist’s competencies (OR:3.95; [3.03–5.15]; p < 0.001) more often declared knowledge of vaccinations in pharmacies. Support for these services was declared by men (OR:1.74; [1.28–2.36]; p < 0.001) and people with higher education (OR:1.39; [1.02–1.89]; p < 0.05) and participants declaring trust in the pharmacist’s competences (OR:20.30; [14.65–28.11]; p < 0.001). Trust in pharmacists was important. People declaring trust in pharmacists were much more willing to get vaccinated against influenza (40.2%) and zoster (38.0%) at a pharmacy and declared that they would vaccinate their children against HPV at a pharmacy (38.8%) compared to people who did not trust the competences of pharmacists (p < 0.001). There was a significant difference in the case of influenza. People who trusted pharmacists were five times more likely to declare their willingness to get vaccinated against influenza (p < 0.001).

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A review of the sustainability of vaccine funding across Europe and implications for post-COVID policymaking

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Improving Vaccine Assessment Pathways and Decision Making in the Polish Immunization Program

Improving Vaccine Assessment Pathways and Decision Making in the Polish Immunization Program

Sustainable financing of immunization programs: A narrative review of the literature

Public Knowledge and Beliefs Regarding Pharmacy-Based Immunization in Poland—A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study, 2024

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