A review of the impact of the Licensing Act 2003 on levels of violence in England and Wales: A public health perspective

Morleo, Michela; Lightowlers, Carly; Anderson, Zara; Cook, Penny A.; Harkins, Corinne; Bellis, Mark A

doi:10.1057/cpcs.2009.14

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In our survey, of those who did report self-purchase, 44% reported that they had accessed alcohol without their age ever being checked by alcohol outlets. This is despite increased penalties in the UK for selling alcohol to those aged under 18 years as provided by recent legislation (for example, maximum fines have been raised and licences can be removed) [ 18 ] and ongoing work to enforce legislation and improve awareness of the law and the risks to young people [ 19 - 21 ]. Females are less likely to report having been asked for identification than males.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the reduction or prevention of underage alcohol consumption is a UK Government priority, referred to as a key aim both in the national strategy [ 17 ] and in alcohol licensing legislation [ 18 ]. Here, compliance with legislation can be verified through, for example, test purchasing exercises (where underage volunteers attempt to buy alcohol) [ 19 - 21 ]. Failure to comply with minimum age legislation can result in warnings, penalty notices for disorder, cautions, prosecution, licence and/or, where necessary, licence removal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of fake identification to purchase alcohol amongst 15-16 year olds: a cross-sectional survey examining alcohol access, consumption and harm

Morleo

Cook

Bellis

et al. 2010

Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy

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BackgroundDespite legislation and enforcement activities to prevent underage access to alcohol, underage individuals continue to be able to access alcohol and to do so at levels which put them at significant risk of alcohol-related harm.MethodsAn opportunistic survey of 15-16 year olds (n = 9,833) across North West England was used to examine alcohol consumption, methods of access and related harms experienced (such as regretted sex). Associations between these were analysed using chi square and logistic regression techniques.ResultsOver a quarter (28.3%) of 15-16 year old participants who drank reported having bought their own alcohol. One seventh (14.9%) of these owned at least one form of fake identification for which by far the most common purchase method was online. Logistic regression analyses showed that those who owned fake identification were significantly more likely to be male (AOR = 2.0; 95% CI = 1.7-2.5; P < 0.001) and to receive a higher personal weekly income (comparing those who received > £30 with those who received ≤ £10: AOR = 3.7; 95% CI = 2.9-4.9; P < 0.001). After taking into account differences in demographic characteristics and personal weekly income, ownership of fake identification was significantly associated with binge drinking (AOR = 3.5, 95% CI = 2.8-4.3; P < 0.001), frequent drinking (AOR = 3.0, 95% CI = 2.5-3.7; P < 0.001) and public drinking (AOR = 3.3, 95% CI = 2.5-4.1; P < 0.001) compared with those who did not own fake identification. Further, those who reported owning fake identification were significantly more likely to report experiencing a variety of alcohol-related harms such as regretted sex after drinking (chi square, all P < 0.001).ConclusionsYoung people (aged 15-16 years) who have access to fake identification are at a particularly high risk of reporting hazardous alcohol consumption patterns and related harm. Owning fake identification should be considered a risk factor for involvement in risky drinking behaviours. Information on these hazards should be made available to schools and professionals in health, social and judicial services, along with advice on how to best to work with those involved.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of fake identification to purchase alcohol amongst 15-16 year olds: a cross-sectional survey examining alcohol access, consumption and harm

Morleo

Cook

Bellis

et al. 2010

Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy

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“…Others have argued that licensing and associated alcohol related violence also constitutes a public health issue 3 (FPH, 2008;Morleo at al., 2009;Sodeen and Shenker, 2008). The policy trend for dealing with the general population is to address alcohol as a health issue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Policy and practice tensions in tackling alcohol abuse and violence in probation settings

Broad

Lightowlers

2015

Probation Journal

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This article explores recent policy development and resulting tensions that emerge in a neo-liberal climate of widespread availability and use of alcohol and a parallel move towards the marketization of offender management. We argue that these trends threaten the quality of treatment and supervision offered to those whose alcohol use is linked to their violent offending and unduly criminalises those behaving disorderly as a result of their drinking in the context of ever more coercive frameworks.

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“…However, many venues did not take advantage of this as opening hours only increased by 21 minutes in England and Wales on average (Morleo, et al, 2009). Findings on the intervention were inconsistent (Morleo, et al, 2009;Wilkinson, et al, 2016), with the majority of studies reporting little to no impact on police reported assault rates (Brown & Evans, 2011;Burrell & Erol, 2009;Hough & Hunter, 2008;Newton & Hirschfield, 2009). The United Kingdom's intervention and evaluation were inconclusive and at odds with international literature (Wilkinson, et al, 2016).…”

Section: Trading Hoursmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The review found that increased outlet density was associated with increased assault rates. (Morleo, et al, 2009) 2009 United Kingdom Trading hours Assaults There is little evidence to suggest that there has been substantial change in alcohol-related violence since the implementation of 24 hour trading hours. However, it may be too soon to determine the impact of the law, additionally on average opening hours increased by just 21 minutes for on-licensed venues.…”

Section: Assaultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A mapping review of evaluations of alcohol policy restrictions targeting alcohol-related harm in night-time entertainment precincts

Taylor

Miller

Coomber

et al. 2018

International Journal of Drug Policy

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Background: Alcohol-related harm in night-time entertainment precincts (NEPs) is disproportionately high for the amount of alcohol consumed within these areas. Previous evaluations of alcohol restrictions targeting NEPs have often looked at restrictions in isolation and not attempted to create a comprehensive theoretical explanation that takes multiple restrictions into account. The aim of this review is to establish which restrictions have been adequately evaluated in previous literature, and to identify any research which may provide the basis for a theoretical model that explains the interactions between different alcohol restrictions in NEPs and their combined impact on alcohol-related-harm Methods: A mapping review was conducted to plot evaluations of the effectiveness of different alcohol restrictions in NEPs at reducing assault and injury rates (protocol PROSPERO 2017: CRD42017069773). Six databases and 145 websites were searched, results were categorised based on the type of restrictions evaluated: Outlet density, trading hours, lockouts, price, patron bans, and drinks restrictions. Results: Forty-eight articles were identified out of 20,743 returned by the systematic search. Thirty-five of these papers were original works, and 13 reviews. Outlet density was examined in 15 of the papers, trading hours in 30, lockouts in 21, price in 2, patron bans in 7 and drinks restrictions in 15. Conclusion: No preexisting theoretical models were identified. Outlet density, trading hours, and price restrictions all had evidence that suggested high levels of effectiveness in NEPs and would be suitable for inclusion in a theoretical model. More research is required before attempting to include lockouts, patron bans and drinks restrictions in a theoretical model. Future research should focus on establishing a theoretical model based on evidence of effective alcohol restrictions and gathering an evidence base for under-researched restrictions.

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A review of the impact of the Licensing Act 2003 on levels of violence in England and Wales: A public health perspective

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

Use of fake identification to purchase alcohol amongst 15-16 year olds: a cross-sectional survey examining alcohol access, consumption and harm

Use of fake identification to purchase alcohol amongst 15-16 year olds: a cross-sectional survey examining alcohol access, consumption and harm

Policy and practice tensions in tackling alcohol abuse and violence in probation settings

A mapping review of evaluations of alcohol policy restrictions targeting alcohol-related harm in night-time entertainment precincts

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