A review of the existing methods for detection, enumeration and inactivation of Cryptosporidium in surface waters

New filtration system for efficient recovery of waterborneCryptosporidiumoocysts andGiardiacysts

“…Concentration of suspended particles in the water matrix via filtration is the initial step of all detection methods and is performed to reduce the volume used for subsequent detection. Several types of filters and filtration units have been designed to enhance the recovery rates of the parasites, including cartridge filters, membrane filters, calcium carbonate flocculation, wound fibreglass cartridge filters, foam filters, capsule filters, the Envirochek ™ High Volume (HV) Sampling Capsule, ultra‐ filtration, pleated membrane capsule filters, hollow‐fibber filters and the Filta‐Max ® capsule (Zarlenga and Trout ; Wohlsen and Katouli ). The reported recovery rates of (oo‐)cysts using these filtration methods are highly variable and can be as low as 15% (Federal Register ), despite use of standardized systems.…”

“…Methods for routine recovery and detection of waterborne Giardia and/or Cryptosporidium (oo-)cysts have been developed for this purpose, including the USEPA method 1623 (USEPA 2001) and other similar, more locally applied methods (UKDWI 1999). Despite numerous attempts to improve the recovery of waterborne (oo-)cysts, all existing concentration methods yield relatively low, averaging less than 45% or highly variable recovery rates, reaching up to 47% (Watt et al membrane capsule filters, hollow-fibber filters and the Filta-Max â capsule (Zarlenga and Trout 2004;Wohlsen and Katouli 2008). The reported recovery rates of (oo-)cysts using these filtration methods are highly variable and can be as low as 15% (Federal Register 2003), despite use of standardized systems.…”