A review of rapid prototyping techniques for tissue engineering purposes

Peltola, Sanna M.; Melchels, Ferry P.W.; Grijpma, Dirk W.; Kellomäki, Minna

doi:10.1080/07853890701881788

Cited by 671 publications

(405 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…At such high porosity, mechanical strength and elastic modulus decrease significantly. Various methods such as porogen leaching, freeze-drying, gas foaming and rapid prototyping have been used for the fabrication of scaffolds (Randolph et al 2003;Salgado et al 2004;Harris et al 2008;Peltola et al 2008;Stevens et al 2008). Although scaffolds made of synthetic polymers such as polycaprolactone and polylactic acid show better mechanical response than scaffolds made from natural polymers, they are hydrophobic in nature and also not biofunctional (Ma & Choi 2001;Sherwood et al 2002;Bhowmik et al 2007;Verma et al 2008a,b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osteoblast adhesion, proliferation and growth on polyelectrolyte complex–hydroxyapatite nanocomposites

Verma

Katti

2010

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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In this work, we have investigated osteoblast adhesion, proliferation and differentiation on nanocomposites of chitosan, polygalacturonic acid (PgA) and hydroxyapatite. These studies were done on both two-and three-dimensional (scaffold) samples. Atomic force microscopy experiments showed nanostructuring of film samples. Scaffolds were prepared by freeze-drying methods. The mechanical response and porosity of the scaffolds were also determined. The compressive elastic modulus and compressive strength were determined to be around 0.9 and 0.023 MPa, respectively, and the porosity of these scaffolds was found to be around 97 per cent. Human osteoblast cells were used to study their adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. Optical images were collected after different intervals of time of seeding cells. This study indicated that chitosan/PgA/hydroxyapatite nanocomposite films and scaffolds promote cellular adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. The formation of bone-like nodules was observed after 7 days of seeding cells. The nodule size continues to increase with time, and after 20 days the size of some nodules was around 735 mm. Scanning electron microscope images of nodules showed the presence of extracellular matrix. The alizarin red S staining technique was used to confirm mineralization of these nodules.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osteoblast adhesion, proliferation and growth on polyelectrolyte complex–hydroxyapatite nanocomposites

Verma

Katti

2010

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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“…[86][87][88] Many others have cataloged the progress of tissue engineering and the advances in manufacturing technologies and novel materials that have rendered possible medical applications of biofabrication. [88][89][90][91] Rather than replicating these reviews, we will devote the next section to a discussion on how the reverse engineering of microscale and macroscale biological structures has contributed to a greater understanding of adaptive response in natural systems.…”

Section: Tissue Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomimicry, Biofabrication, and Biohybrid Systems: The Emergence and Evolution of Biological Design

Raman

Bashir

2017

Adv Healthcare Materials

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how the concept of bioinspiration, or imitating biological design and functionality in synthetic materials, created a new class of "smart" biomimetic materials. Then, we shall discuss how the continuing development of enabling manufacturing technologies, such as 3D printing and microfluidics, has established the separate subdiscipline of biofabrication for tissue engineering, or "building with biology." Finally, we shall investigate the convergence of these two fields into the emerging discipline of biohybrid design, the use of biological materials to power non-natural functional behaviors in synthetic machines. Throughout this report, we will revisit a single class of materials, hydrogels, as a case study of biological design in the context of each subfield, and discuss how the constraints, underlying principles, and end-use applications differ in each case. We will also discuss ethical considerations of biological design, with a special focus on forward engineering non-natural or hypernatural functional behaviors in biohybrid systems. We will conclude with recommendations for implementing biological design into educational curricula, ensuring effective and responsible practices for the next generation of engineers and scientists. Biomimicry and Bioinspired DesignA deeper understanding of the underlying design principles that govern biological systems has inspired the field of biomimicry. [1,2] Observing adaptive phenomena in nature, scientists and engineers have sought to extract the components of biological design responsible for this behavior and replicate the behavior in synthetic materials. Fundamentally, this involves understanding the building blocks or base units from which a biological material is built, the hierarchical assembly of these building blocks, and the interactions and interfaces between them.In this section, we will discuss strategies that engineers and scientists have employed to engineer bioinspired hierarchy, from bottom-up self-assembly and top-down engineered assembly. We will present several key demonstrations of stimulus-responsive hydrogels ranging from the micro-to the macroscale, and investigate novel demonstrations in biomimetic actuation and movement. We will conclude with the remaining challenges in the field of biomimicry and discuss the potential future impact of bioinspired design.The discipline of biological design has a relatively short history, but has undergone very rapid expansion and development over that time. This Progress Report outlines the evolution of this field from biomimicry to biofabrication to biohybrid systems' design, showcasing how each subfield incorporates bioinspired dynamic adaptation into engineered systems. Ethical implications of biological design are discussed, with an emphasis on establishing responsible practices for engineering non-natural or hypernatural functional behaviors in biohybrid systems. This report concludes with recommendations for implementing biological design into educational curricula, ensuring effective and responsible practice...

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“…Often referred to as rapid prototyping or solid free-form fabrication, AM refers to a suite of techniques capable of layer-by-layer fabrication of 3D objects through computer-aided design (CAD) and/or computer-aided manufacturing (CAM). AM techniques including 3D printing, selective laser sintering, fused-deposition modelling (FDM) and stereolithography have all been applied extensively to the biofabrication of scaffolds for TE applications, as highlighted in several review papers (Hutmacher et al 2004;Leong et al 2003;Peltola et al 2008;Tsang and Bhatia 2004;Yeong et al 2004). These approaches provide precise control over both the external macrostructure and internal microstructure of scaffolds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofabrication: an overview of the approaches used for printing of living cells

Ferris

Gilmore

Wallace

et al. 2013

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

210

132

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The development of cell printing is vital for establishing biofabrication approaches as clinically relevant tools. Achieving this requires bio-inks which must not only be easily printable, but also allow controllable and reproducible printing of cells. This review outlines the general principles and current progress and compares the advantages and challenges for the most widely used biofabrication techniques for printing cells: extrusion, laser, microvalve, inkjet and tissue fragment printing. It is expected that significant advances in cell printing will result from synergistic combinations of these techniques and lead to optimised resolution, throughput and the overall complexity of printed constructs. AbstractThe development of cell printing is vital for establishing biofabrication approaches as clinically relevant tools. Achieving this requires bio-inks which must not only be easily printable, but also allow controllable, reproducible printing of cells. This review outlines the general principles, current progress, and compares the advantages and challenges for the most widely used biofabrication techniques for printing cells: extrusion, laser, microvalve, inkjet and tissue fragment printing. It is expected that significant advances in cell printing will result from synergistic combinations of these techniques and lead to optimised resolution, throughput and the overall complexity of printed constructs.

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A review of rapid prototyping techniques for tissue engineering purposes

Cited by 671 publications

References 38 publications

Osteoblast adhesion, proliferation and growth on polyelectrolyte complex–hydroxyapatite nanocomposites

Osteoblast adhesion, proliferation and growth on polyelectrolyte complex–hydroxyapatite nanocomposites

Biomimicry, Biofabrication, and Biohybrid Systems: The Emergence and Evolution of Biological Design

Biofabrication: an overview of the approaches used for printing of living cells

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