A review of Penthorum chinense Pursh for hepatoprotection: Traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and clinical trials

An Overview of the Mechanism of Penthorum chinense Pursh on Alcoholic Fatty Liver

“…In adipose tissue, key enzymes were involved in intracellular lipids through upregulation of triacylglycerols, such as adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) [ 67 ]. Equal amounts of total flavonoids lowered lower-density lipoprotein (LDL), cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TG) more significantly than the aqueous extract of chased grass [ 13 ], and 95% of the ethanol extracts increased serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) compared to other volume fractions of ethanol extract group [ 22 ]. The fractional ethanol rush extract group was significant, in the dose range of 25–200 g/mL, polyphenols in the 70% ethanol extract.…”

“…In recent years, there has been great progress in the study of the chemical composition of PCP, the main types of components of polyphenols (flavonoids, coumarins, and lignans), organic acids, sterols, etc. [ 13 ]. Among them, polyphenols have shown good efficacy in the treatment of alcohol liver [ 69 ].…”

“…In China, Penthorum chinense Pursh (PCP) has been used for hundreds of years traditionally with the functions of “promote diuresis and reduce swelling,” “circulation of blood,” “circulation of blood stasis,” and “soothing liver and invigorating spleen,” for alleviating symptoms by excessive intake of alcohol as well as in the treatment of traumatic injury, edema, and liver diseases. Recently, it has a wide range of pharmacological effects, such as antiaging [ 12 ], antioxidant [ 13 ], anti-inflammatory [ 14 ], hypoglycemic [ 15 ], antibacterial [ 12 ], and promoting immune regulation. Modern studies have shown that PCP protects the liver and treats acute viral hepatitis and chronic liver diseases, such as viral hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, and other alcohol liver diseases [ 13 ].…”

“…Recently, it has a wide range of pharmacological effects, such as antiaging [ 12 ], antioxidant [ 13 ], anti-inflammatory [ 14 ], hypoglycemic [ 15 ], antibacterial [ 12 ], and promoting immune regulation. Modern studies have shown that PCP protects the liver and treats acute viral hepatitis and chronic liver diseases, such as viral hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, and other alcohol liver diseases [ 13 ]. 12 Chinese patent pharmaceutical preparations have been approved by the China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) [ 16 ]; PCP and its extract have been developed into tea, drinks or tablets, granules, capsules, and pills in the market under the trade name of “Gansu” in China for treatment of liver diseases [ 17 , 18 ], which is considered as a potential candidate and can be further developed and used.…”

Chemical Constituents with Inhibitory Activities on Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/kexin Type 9 Expression from the Aerial Parts of Penthorum chinense

“…(Penthoraceae) is an herbaceous perennial plant which grows in forests, grasslands, wetlands along rivers of China [1][2][3], Japan [2], Korea [2,3], and Russia [2,3]. The whole plants of P. chinense have been used in China to treat various diseases including cholecystitis [4], edema [4], infectious hepatitis [1,4], jaundice [2,4], and its aerial parts also used as food or tea [5][6][7]. Previous investigations on P. chinense have reported the presence of avonoids [1,6,7], lignans [2,3], phenylpropanoids [5,8], steroids [6][7], and triterpenoids [2,7] as chemical constituents.…”