A review of medications used to control and improve the signs and symptoms of COVID-19 patients

Hushmandi, Kiavash; Bokaie, Saied; Hashemi, Mehrdad; Moghadam, Ebrahim Rahmani; Raei, Mehdi; Hashemi, Farid; Bagheri, Mahdi; Habtemariam, Solomon; Nabavi, Seyed Mohammad

doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173568

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 142 publications

(134 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Other symptoms, including headache, fatigue, diarrhoea, and conjunctivitis, are less frequent. Additionally, most patients develop a bilateral interstitial pneumonia [ 4 ]. After 7-10 days, dyspnoea decreases in majority of patients, inflammatory changes in the lungs resolving to some extent, and the patients are free from the virus in most cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress-Related Mechanisms in SARS-CoV-2 Infections

Wieczfińska

Kleniewska

Pawliczak

2022

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The COVID-19 pandemic caused relatively high mortality in patients, especially in those with concomitant diseases (i.e., diabetes, hypertension, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)). In most of aforementioned comorbidities, the oxidative stress appears to be an important player in their pathogenesis. The direct cause of death in critically ill patients with COVID-19 is still far from being elucidated. Although some preliminary data suggests that the lung vasculature injury and the loss of the functioning part of pulmonary alveolar population are crucial, the precise mechanism is still unclear. On the other hand, at least two classes of medications used with some clinical benefits in COVID-19 treatment seem to have a major influence on ROS (reactive oxygen species) and RNS (reactive nitrogen species) production. However, oxidative stress is one of the important mechanisms in the antiviral immune response and innate immunity. Therefore, it would be of interest to summarize the data regarding the oxidative stress in severe COVID-19. In this review, we discuss the role of oxidative and antioxidant mechanisms in severe COVID-19 based on available studies. We also present the role of ROS and RNS in other viral infections in humans and in animal models. Although reactive oxygen and nitrogen species play an important role in the innate antiviral immune response, in some situations, they might have a deleterious effect, e.g., in some coronaviral infections. The understanding of the redox mechanisms in severe COVID-19 disease may have an impact on its treatment.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress-Related Mechanisms in SARS-CoV-2 Infections

Wieczfińska

Kleniewska

Pawliczak

2022

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Infected individuals had respiratory disorder (ranging from mild to severe) but patients showing mild symptoms did not require any special medical attention. Severe cases required special care due to more severe respiratory problems which may finally lead to fatality [10] , [11] . In four to five days symptoms may occur or the person could be complete asymptomatic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 pandemic in Uttarakhand, India: Environmental recovery or degradation?

Nandan

Siddiqui

Singh

et al. 2021

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The human coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 is now a global pandemic. Personal hygiene such as hand-washing, the use of personal protective equipment, and social distancing via local and national lockdowns are used to reduce the risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 and the associated lockdowns may have significant impacts on environmental quality and ergonomics. However, limited studies exists on the impacts of COVID-19 and the associated lockdowns on environmental quality and ergonomics in low-income settings. Therefore, the present study investigated the impacts of the COVID-19 outbreak on socioeconomics, ergonomics and environment (water quality, air quality and noise) in Uttrakhand, India. Approximately 55% of respondents experienced headaches, and the other common health-related issue was back pain, with 45% of respondents having problems with their backs. Water and air quality significantly improved during the lockdown relative to the pre-lockdown period, but was observed to return to their previous characteristics afterwards. Lockdowns significant increased the concentration of indoor air pollutants while noise pollution levels significantly declined. In summary, lockdowns have adverse impacts on ergonomics, resulting in work-related human health risks. The impacts of lockdowns on environmental quality are mixed: temporary improvements on water and air quality, and noise reduction were observed, but indoor air quality deteriorated. Therefore, during lockdowns there is a need to minimize the adverse environmental and ergonomic impacts of lockdowns while simultaneously enhancing the beneficial impacts.

show abstract

“…Among critically ill patients distress due to pain is common. The use of drugs for sedation in critically ill patients requires a flexible approach to reduce the incidence of adverse effects [35]. There is a relationship between ventilatory and sedation management and the priorities should be to handle increased respiratory drive, to optimize ventilation and to treat ventilator dysynchrony [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedation and analgesia in critically ill patients with COVID-19: a cohort retrospective study

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: The global pandemic of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) began in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and spread worldwide. This retrospective study summarizes clinical experience and analgo-sedation treatment used for this novel epidemic in an Italian ICU between February to May 2020. Methods: This is a retrospective trial of 72 patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) admitted to ICU between February15, 2020 and May 15, 2020. Main Outcomes are demographic, clinical data (age, sex, medical comorbidities, respiratory supports, positive end-expiratory pressure values (PEEP), fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2), arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), sedatives and analgesic drugs, their dosage and way of administration, medical treatments and patients mortality), ventilation strategies, sedation management in ICUs and patient mortality. Results: The mean age of the 72 patients included in the study was 69 years (SD ±12), 77% were male. All patients required respiratory support and sedation management according to different techniques of ventilation: 100% received deep sedation (RASS -4) before intubation and invasive mechanical ventilation and 19% received light sedation (RASS -1) and noninvasive ventilation). Conclusions: Of the 72 patients admitted in ICUs, 92% died. A total of 608 patients admitted to the AORN dei Colli “Naples” with confirmed COVID-19. In this restrospective study we have analyzed 72 (out of 608) patients that were admitted to intensive care due to worsening clinical conditions. All patients required tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation with deep sedation (RASS -4), while only 19%(patients required light sedation so RASS -1) were subsequentely swiched to light sedation because of the need of compliance with non-invasive ventilation. Sedation was obtained with propofol, remifentanil, midazolam and dexmedetomidine, according to hospital guidelines.

show abstract

A review of medications used to control and improve the signs and symptoms of COVID-19 patients

Cited by 5 publications

References 142 publications

Oxidative Stress-Related Mechanisms in SARS-CoV-2 Infections

Oxidative Stress-Related Mechanisms in SARS-CoV-2 Infections

COVID-19 pandemic in Uttarakhand, India: Environmental recovery or degradation?

Sedation and analgesia in critically ill patients with COVID-19: a cohort retrospective study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About