A review of diaphragmless shock tubes for interdisciplinary applications

Janardhanraj, S.; Karthick, S. K.; Cohen, Jacob; Farooq, Aamir

doi:10.1016/j.pecs.2022.101042

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…The rupture of the diaphragm results in the instantaneous expansion of the driver gas, generating a shock wave that propagates within the driven section [22,23]. It has been noted that the rupture of the diaphragm can lack reproducibility, giving rise to variations in the blast loading parameters [24,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blast Loading of Small-Scale Circular RC Columns Using an Explosive-Driven Shock Tube

Rhouma,

Maazoun,

Aminou

et al. 2024

Buildings

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Reinforced concrete (RC) columns, being axial-bearing components in buildings, are susceptible to damage and failure when subjected to blast loading. The failure of these columns can trigger a progressive collapse in targeted buildings. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the failure characteristics of laboratory-scale RC columns subjected to localized blast loading. The columns, with a length of 1500 mm and an outer diameter of 100 mm, are reinforced with 6 mm diameter longitudinal bars and 2 mm diameter steel ties. The blast loading is generated using an explosive-driven shock tube (EDST) positioned in front of the mid-span of the RC columns with a 30 g and 50 g charge. To capture the global response of the RC columns, high-speed stereoscopic DIC is used in addition to LVDTs. Furthermore, an FE model is developed using LS-DYNA R10.0 and validated against the experimental data. The results show that the proposed FE approach is able to reproduce the applied blast loading and the failure characteristics of the columns. The relative difference in column mid-span out-of-plane displacement between the FE model and the average measured data lies below 5%. Finally, the gray correlation method is conducted to assess the influence of various parameters on the blast resistance of the RC columns.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blast Loading of Small-Scale Circular RC Columns Using an Explosive-Driven Shock Tube

Rhouma,

Maazoun,

Aminou

et al. 2024

Buildings

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“…Diaphragmless shock tubes pose a technical challenge for the design and manufacture of a FOV with an opening time comparable to that of a bursting diaphragm, which is of the order of a few tenths of a millisecond [25]. The longer opening times of the FOV in comparison to the bursting diaphragms result in longer distances at which the shock wave reaches its maximum velocity, i.e., the formation distances, and therefore longer driven sections compared to conventional diaphragm shock tubes [28]. A FOV commonly used in diaphragmless shock tubes for dynamic pressure calibrations is a commercially available ISTA KB valve [9], [27], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the Opening Speed of the Valve in a Diaphragmless Shock Tube for Metrological Purposes

Castro,

Kutin,

Svete

2024

IEEE Sensors J.

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To develop a measurement system for calibrating high-frequency dynamic pressure that is capable of acting as a primary dynamic pressure calibration standard, a new concept of the shock tube, called the diaphragmless shock tube, has recently been developed. In most such shock tubes the diaphragm is replaced with a commercially available, ISTA KB fast-opening valve. In this article a numerical model was built in OpenFOAM to investigate the effects of the opening mechanism of ISTA KB-40-100 fast-opening valve on the formation of the shock wave in a shock tube with an internal radius of 20 mm. Numerical simulations were performed for the driver-driven pressure ratio of 40 and the valve-opening speeds of 5 m/s, 10 m/s and 20 m/s, which were compared with the case of instantaneous valve opening, and the results predicted by the ideal shock tube theory. The observed variables were the mass flow through the valve, as well as the pressure, the temperature and the shock wave velocity in the formation region behind the valve. The results show that when the shock wave undergoes an initial acceleration, the shock front accelerates more at higher opening speeds of the valve. The results also show that the valve-opening mechanism generates a series of reflection waves that propagate into the driven section, giving the shock wave velocity an oscillatory character, which can affect the calibration and measurement capability of the shock tube as a primary high-frequency, time-varying, pressure calibration standard.

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“…The study's results show that the diaphragm functions as a buffer for gravity and lateral resistance. The cord element requires additional reinforcement in the tensile area, and some collector blocks require additional bending reinforcement (Janardhanraj et al, 2022;Rezaeian et al, 2020). The diaphragm itself is designed against shear forces and does not require additional reinforcement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Diaphragm Force on Reinforced Concrete Building Structures with Horizontal Irregularities of Diaphragm Discontinuity

Safitri,

Andayani

2024

AJESH

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The diaphragm plays a crucial role in distributing seismic forces within buildings during earthquakes, affecting both regular and irregular structures differently. This study investigates the seismic behavior of diaphragms in various building geometries resembling the letters I, T, L, and O, focusing on their influence on structural performance and reinforcement requirements. Using analytical methods, diaphragm seismic forces, slab shear stresses, and internal forces were calculated for a sample of buildings with different geometrical irregularities. The study reveals significant differences in diaphragm earthquake forces between regular and irregular buildings, with irregular geometries exhibiting distinct patterns of shear stress distribution. Particularly, the building with an L-shaped plan and concentrated stress points showed the highest maximum shear stresses in both orthogonal directions. Analysis of internal forces—axial, shear, and moment—highlighted varying reinforcement needs among the studied buildings. While axial and shear forces necessitated minimal additional reinforcement across all structures, moment forces indicated substantial reinforcement requirements, particularly in the L-shaped building. These findings underscore the importance of tailored diaphragm design strategies for buildings with irregular geometries to mitigate potential structural vulnerabilities during seismic events. The study contributes insights into optimizing diaphragm design practices and emphasizes the need for further research in this critical area of structural engineering.

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A review of diaphragmless shock tubes for interdisciplinary applications

Cited by 9 publications

References 111 publications

Blast Loading of Small-Scale Circular RC Columns Using an Explosive-Driven Shock Tube

Blast Loading of Small-Scale Circular RC Columns Using an Explosive-Driven Shock Tube

Effects of the Opening Speed of the Valve in a Diaphragmless Shock Tube for Metrological Purposes

Analysis of Diaphragm Force on Reinforced Concrete Building Structures with Horizontal Irregularities of Diaphragm Discontinuity

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