A Review of 3D Printing Technology for Medical Applications

Yan, Qingzhi; Dong, Haotian; Su, Jin; Han, Jie; Song, Bo; Wei, Qingsong; Shi, Yusheng

doi:10.1016/j.eng.2018.07.021

Cited by 492 publications

(243 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Scaffolds for bone defects require particular properties, including appropriate porosity and mechanical strength . The porosity is defined as the percentage fraction of voids throughout the scaffold volume, which is a morphological property independent of the material .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printed Composite Scaffolds Incorporating Ruthenium Complex–Loaded Liposomes as a Delivery System to Prevent the Proliferation of MG‐63 Cells

Yang

Wang

Liao

et al. 2019

Macro Materials & Eng

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Owing to the propensity of osteosarcoma to recur and metastasize, the administration of a topical treatment to enhance the therapeutic effect of conventional therapy is necessary. To develop a locally released drug delivery system (DDS) to inhibit the growth and recurrence of osteosarcoma, hydrophobically modified silica nanoparticles (m‐SiO2)/poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) porous scaffolds are fabricated by 3D printing emulsion inks. Ruthenium‐loaded PEGylated liposomes (RL) are then incorporated into the scaffolds to obtain the Ruthenium‐loaded PEGylated liposome scaffold (RLS) composite. The emulsion inks and the density, porosity, morphology, and mechanical properties of the scaffolds are characterized. The results indicate that the composite DDS has a relatively uniform porous structure with good mechanical properties. Drug is released from RLS in a relatively sustained manner over 48 h, which demonstrates the potential of RLS as a drug carrier. In addition, the MG‐63 cell viability and apoptosis rate are evaluated by MTT assays. The cell experiments reveal that RLS triggers mitochondrial dysfunction resulting in MG‐63 cell apoptosis. All the results indicate that RLS provides a promising approach for improving the treatment of osteosarcoma.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printed Composite Scaffolds Incorporating Ruthenium Complex–Loaded Liposomes as a Delivery System to Prevent the Proliferation of MG‐63 Cells

Yang

Wang

Liao

et al. 2019

Macro Materials & Eng

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“…At present, 3D printing technology has developed vigorously in the medical field [1,2] and has been successfully used in orthopedic treatment [3,4]. The 3D printing technology cannot only realize the individualized manufacture of medical devices, but also is superior to the traditional technology in the construction of the microstructures of implants [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical behavior of a titanium alloy scaffold mimicking trabecular structure

Zhang

Liu³

et al. 2020

J Orthop Surg Res

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Background: Additively manufactured porous metallic structures have recently received great attention for bone implant applications. The morphological characteristics and mechanical behavior of 3D printed titanium alloy trabecular structure will affect the effects of artificial prosthesis replacement. However, the mechanical behavior of titanium alloy trabecular structure at present clinical usage still is lack of in-depth study from design to manufacture as well as from structure to mechanical function. Methods: A unit cell of titanium alloy was designed to mimick trabecular structure. The controlled microarchitecture refers to a repeating array of unit-cells, composed of titanium alloy, which make up the scaffold structure. Five kinds of unit cell mimicking trabecular structure with different pore sizes and porosity were obtained by modifying the strut sizes of the cell and scaling the cell as a whole. The titanium alloy trabecular structure was fabricated by 3D printing based on Electron Beam Melting (EBM). The paper characterized the difference between the designs and fabrication of trabecular structures, as well as mechanical properties and the progressive collapse behavior and failure mechanism of the scaffold. Results: The actual porosities of the EBM-produced bone trabeculae are lower than the designed, and the load capacity of a bearing is related to the porosity of the structure. The larger the porosity of the structure, the smaller the stiffness and the worse the load capacity is. The fracture interface of the trabecular structure under compression is at an angle of 45 o with respect to the compressive axis direction, which conforms to Tresca yield criterion. The trabeculae-mimicked unit cell is anisotropy. Under quasi-static loading, loading speed has no effect on mechanical performance of bone trabecular specimens. There is no difference of the mechanical performance at various orientations and sites in metallic workspace. The elastic modulus of the scaffold decreases by 96%-93% and strength reduction 96%-91%, compared with titanium alloy dense metals structure. The apparent elastic modulus of the unit-cell-repeated scaffold is 0.39-0.618 GPa, which is close to that of natural bone and stress shielding can be reduced. Conclusion: We have systematically studied the structural design, fabrication and mechanical behavior of a 3D printed titanium alloy scaffold mimicking trabecula bone. This study will be benefit of the application of prostheses with proper structures and functions.

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“…Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, is a fabrication method in which a 3D object is built by depositing material(s) layer by layer. 3D printing has recently become increasingly popular in both the marketplace and academic circles, with a wide range of applications . One of the main applications of this manufacturing method is rapid prototyping of partially or fully functional parts or devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3D printing has recently become increasingly popular in both the marketplace and academic circles, with a wide range of applications. [1][2][3] One of the main applications of this manufacturing method is rapid prototyping of partially or fully functional parts or devices. Series production of fully functional products for the end-users is also possible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] For instance, 3D printing was used to fabricate Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) compatible components, 4 electroencephalogram (EEG) electrodes, 5 patient-specific phantoms for quality assurance (QA) including phantoms with variable radiological properties, [6][7][8][9][10] as well as immobilization devices 11 and patient-specific applicator holders for skin brachytherapy. 12,13 Modeling of tissues by 3D printing is growing, 1 although the radiological properties of 3D printing materials must be critically evaluated for QA or dosimetry applications in radiology or radiation oncology. 10 There are also many applications of 3D printing in sensor technology, including pressure sensors, tactile sensors, displacement sensors, accelerometers, magnetic field sensors, electromagnetic sensors and many others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3D printing for rapid prototyping of low‐Z/density ionization chamber arrays

et al. 2019

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Purpose To explore 3D printing for rapid development of prototype thin slab low‐Z/density ionization chamber arrays viable for custom needs in radiotherapy dosimetry and quality assurance (QA). Materials and methods We designed and fabricated parallel plate ionization chambers and ionization chamber arrays using an off‐the‐shelf 3D printing equipment. Conductive components of the detectors were made of conductive polylactic acid (cPLA) and insulating components were made of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). We characterized the detector responses using a Varian TrueBeam linac at 95 cm SSD in slab solid water phantom at 5 cm depth. We measured the current‐voltage (IV) curves, the response to different energy beam lines (2.5 MV, 6 MV, 6 MV FFF) for various dose rates and compared them to responses of a commercial Exradin A12 ionization chamber. We measured off‐axis ratio (OAR) for several small field static multi‐leaf collimators field sizes (0.5–3 cm) and compared them to OAR data obtained for commissioning of stereotactic radiotherapy. Results We identified the printing capability and the limitations of a low‐cost off‐the‐shelf 3D printer for rapid prototyping of detector arrays. The design of the array with sub‐millimeter size features conformed to the 3D printing capabilities. IV‐curve for the array showed a strong polarity effect (8%) due to the design. Results for the parallel plate and the array compared well with A12 chamber: monitor unit (MU) dependence for the array was within a few % and the response to different energy beam lines was within 1%. Off‐axis dose profiles measured with the array were comparable to dose profiles obtained in water tank and stereotactic diode after accounting for the size of the chambers. Dose error was within 2% at the center of the profile and slightly larger at the penumbra. Conclusions Rapid prototyping of ion chambers by means of low‐cost 3D printing is feasible with certain limitations in the design and spatial accuracy of the printed details.

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A Review of 3D Printing Technology for Medical Applications

Cited by 492 publications

References 74 publications

3D Printed Composite Scaffolds Incorporating Ruthenium Complex–Loaded Liposomes as a Delivery System to Prevent the Proliferation of MG‐63 Cells

3D Printed Composite Scaffolds Incorporating Ruthenium Complex–Loaded Liposomes as a Delivery System to Prevent the Proliferation of MG‐63 Cells

Mechanical behavior of a titanium alloy scaffold mimicking trabecular structure

3D printing for rapid prototyping of low‐Z/density ionization chamber arrays

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