“…In addition to the MBO algorithm studied in this paper, many other intelligent algorithms [65] have been proposed, such as elephant herding optimization (EHO) [33,57], simulated annealing (SA) [27], evolutionary strategy (ES) [2], particle swarm optimization (PSO) [26,44], moth search (MS) algorithm [47], bat algorithm (BA) [35,68], differential evolution (DE) [43,53], biogeography-based optimization (BBO) [42,52], krill herd (KH) [16,51,54], cuckoo search (CS) [5,69], arti cial bee colony (ABC) [25,64], genetic algorithm (GA) [22], reworks algorithm (FWA) [46], earthworm optimization algorithm (EWA) [61], and harmony search (HS) [18,63]. These algorithms are used widely in various engineering applications [73,74].…”