A Retrospective Study in 21 Shiba Dogs with Chronic Enteropathy

Ohmi, Aki; Ohno, Koichi; Uchida, Katsuhisa; Nakayama, Hiroyuki; Koshino-Goto, Yuko; Fukushima, Kenjiro; Takahashi, Masashi; Nakashima, Ko; Fujino, Yasuhito; Tsujimoto, Hajime

doi:10.1292/jvms.10-0154

Cited by 13 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In a previous study on Shiba dogs with CE, the median age was 4.9 years [6], which was almost comparable to the ages reported in other retrospective studies of dogs with IBD and CE [10-12]. Similarly, in our study, the median age of the Ls group was 5 years (mean 5.2).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…There were no previous reports assessing the CIBDAI in Shiba dogs with CE; however, there was one report that found anorexia and a decrease in activity were more likely to be present in the non-survivor than in the survivor Shiba group [6]. Another study found that anorexia and severe weight loss in dogs with LPE, including many Shiba dogs, were significantly more evident in non-survivors than in survivors, and suggested that anorexia could be a risk factor of poor outcome [8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar to human IBD, the molecular basis for the pathogenesis of this disease is unclear, although it has been suggested that the disease occurs in genetically susceptible hosts as a consequence of a dysregulated response of the mucosal immune system toward commensal enteric flora and dietary components [2,3]. There are several reports on dogs with specific types of CE (e.g., German shepherds [4] and Basenjis [5]), including Shiba dogs [6]. Shiba dogs are known to be affected by immunological diseases, such as atopic dermatitis [7], and it is likely that altered immune reactions to enteric bacteria and dietary components may be occurring in their gastrointestinal tracts [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shiba dogs are known to be affected by immunological diseases, such as atopic dermatitis [7], and it is likely that altered immune reactions to enteric bacteria and dietary components may be occurring in their gastrointestinal tracts [8]. Furthermore, Shiba dogs with CE have poor responses to therapy compared to other breeds, and it has been previously reported that they have a six-month survival rate of approximately 50% [6]. To the best of our knowledge, there are no previous reports on the risk factors for poor outcomes in this breed with CE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The characteristics of short- and long-term surviving Shiba dogs with chronic enteropathies and the risk factors for poor outcome

et al. 2013

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BackgroundThe objectives of this study were to investigate the differences in the characteristics of short- and long-term surviving dogs, and the factors that predict poor outcome in Shiba dogs with chronic enteropathies (CE).MethodsA total of 25 Shiba dogs were included in this study, and classified as either short-term (≤6 months) survivors (Ss; n=16) or long-term (>6 months) survivors (Ls; n=9). The clinical and clinicopathological variables, histopathology, response to therapy, and outcomes were investigated between groups. Furthermore, these factors were tested for their ability to predict poor outcome.ResultsAll CE dogs were diagnosed as having inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis (LPE). Age and canine inflammatory bowel disease activity index (CIBDAI) were significantly higher in the Ss group than in the Ls group (age: p = 0.035, CIBDAI: p = 0.018), as determined via univariate logistic regression analysis. According to receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, the best predictors of poor outcome were age and CIBDAI, with the cutoffs determined as 7 years and 9 points, respectively. The majority of the cases (84%) responded to initial treatment; in particular, 75% of dogs in Ss group responded to therapy. The time to response (days) to the initial treatment in the Ss group (median 42.5 days, range: 20-91 days) was significantly shorter than that of the Ls group (median 285 days, range: 196-1026 days). Approximately half (55.5%) of the dogs in the Ls group died due to relapse of CE.ConclusionsThis study suggested that there is a high risk of early mortality in Shiba dogs with CE, particularly if the dogs are older (>7 years) and have a high CIBDAI score (>9 points). There appears to be a possibility of early mortality even if the initial treatment was efficacious. Furthermore, Shiba dogs with CE that become less responsive to initial therapy in the short-term (approximately 3 months) are more likely to have an early mortality. Thus, it is necessary to follow-up Shiba dogs with CE in the long-term, as approximately half of the long-term survivors eventually died due to a relapse of the signs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The characteristics of short- and long-term surviving Shiba dogs with chronic enteropathies and the risk factors for poor outcome

et al. 2013

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“…The enteritis might have been caused by a gastrointestinal disease other than parasitic infection. Shiba dogs with chronic enteropathy have a poor prognosis [14,15]. Furthermore, a neoplastic disease, such as lymphoma, might also have been a cause of death.…”

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confidence: 99%

<i>Echinostoma hortense</i> Infection with Enteritis Diagnosed by Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in a Dog

Okanishi

Matsumoto

Nogami

et al. 2013

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. An 8-year-old male Shiba dog presented with chronic vomiting and diarrhea. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed severe enteritis and infection of the duodenal mucosa with Echinostoma hortense. We performed therapy for parasites and enteritis. The therapy was successful for deworming and temporarily improved the symptoms, but the dog died soon thereafter. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case report of an antemortem diagnosis of E. hortense infection in a dog. Echinostoma hortense is a member of the Echinostomatidae family, and its characteristics include a large elongated body, a head crown with collar spines and a large oral sucker [1,5]. The fluke is zoonotic and inhabits the small intestines of birds and mammals, such as humans and mice [16]. Human echinostomiasis has been identified in China [12], Japan [7,9] and Korea [16,18]. Infection with E. hortense was found for the first time after autopsy of a stray dog in an epidemiological study in 1927 [2] and was found again in 1981 [6]. However, antemortem diagnosis and clinical data including those pertaining to therapy for E. hortense infection in dogs have not been described. This report describes a dog with E. hortense infection that was diagnosed by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.An 8-year-old neutered, domestic, male Shiba dog weighing 6.55 kg (body condition score, 1) was referred to the Animal Medical Center at Nihon University, Japan. The dog had symptoms of chronic diarrhea, vomiting and weight loss over a period of 4 years. The dog had been kept at the foot of a mountain in Kanagawa, Japan, near a brook and had never been taken outside Japan. At a local animal hospital, the dog received an elimination diet (Sensitivity Control Blue Whiting and Tapioca, Royal Canin, Japan) and antibiotics, but no improvement in symptoms was observed. Prednisolone therapy (1 mg/kg/day) temporarily improved excretion from watery diarrhea to loose stool. However, watery diarrhea and vomiting returned soon thereafter, occurring once or twice per week, and the dog was then referred to us. Severe weight loss and wambling were evident during the first medical examination, but abdominal tenderness was absent. A blood test revealed (values with reference ranges) albumin (ALB), 1.8 g/dl (2.3-4.0 g/dl); total cholesterol (T. chol), 54 mg/dl (110-320 mg/dl); blood urea nitrogen (BUN), 5 mg/ dl (7-27 mg/dl); hematocrit (Ht), 27.5% (37-55%); and Creactive protein (CRP), 0.05 mg/dl (<1.00 mg/dl). There was no eosinophilia; the dog had an eosinophil count of 56/µl (100-1,250/µl). No significant abnormalities were observed in a general fecal examination (direct and flotation method), urinalysis, X-ray examination or abdominal ultrasound. Gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed to identify the cause of the anemia, hypoalbuminemia and gastrointestinal symptoms. During gastroduodenal endoscopy, motile flukes were found attached to the edematous duodenal mucosa (Fig. 1). The flukes, which looked slender and elongated, were ex-

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Mucosal imbalance of interleukin-1β and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in canine inflammatory bowel disease

Maeda

Ohno

Nakamura

et al. 2012

The Veterinary Journal

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A Retrospective Study in 21 Shiba Dogs with Chronic Enteropathy

Cited by 13 publications

References 23 publications

The characteristics of short- and long-term surviving Shiba dogs with chronic enteropathies and the risk factors for poor outcome

The characteristics of short- and long-term surviving Shiba dogs with chronic enteropathies and the risk factors for poor outcome

<i>Echinostoma hortense</i> Infection with Enteritis Diagnosed by Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in a Dog

Mucosal imbalance of interleukin-1β and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in canine inflammatory bowel disease

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