“…Similarly, chronic exposure to air pollutants can worsen existing respiratory diseases and increase the number of patients with decreased lung function [18] , [43] , [9] . Based on the accumulated scientific evidence, the WHO established new outdoor air-quality guidelines in 2021 [17] . However, global atmospheric monitoring network data shows that the air quality in most countries does not meet these guidelines, even in developed countries [32] , [6] .…”