A Rechargeable Li‐CO₂ Battery with a Gel Polymer Electrolyte

Abstract

The utilization of CO 2 in Li-CO 2 batteries is attracting extensive attention. However,the poor rechargeability and lowapplied current density have remained the Achilles heel of this energy device.The gel polymer electrolyte (GPE), which is composed of apolymer matrix filled with tetraglymebased liquid electrolyte,w as used to fabricate ar echargeable Li-CO 2 battery with ac arbon nanotube-based gas electrode. The discharge product of Li 2 CO 3 formed in the GPE-based Li-CO 2 battery exhibits ap article-shaped morphology with poor crystallinity,w hichi sd ifferent from the contiguous polymer-like and crystalline discharge product in conventional Li-CO 2 battery using al iquid electrolyte.A ccordingly,t he GPE-based battery shows much improved electrochemical performance.T he achieved cycle life (60 cycles) and rate capability (maximum applied current density of 500 mA g À1 ) are muchh igher than most of previous reports,w hichp oints anew way to develop high-performance Li-CO 2 batteries.

A Quasi‐Solid‐State Flexible Fiber‐Shaped Li–CO2 Battery with Low Overpotential and High Energy Efficiency

“…However, pure carbon nanophases like Ketjenblack, CNT, and graphene commonly exhibit the energy efficiencies ranging from 60% to 65% using liquid electrolyte . If the safer quasi‐solid‐state polymer electrolyte was used in Li–CO 2 battery, the energy efficiency has already proved to be further decreased . For example, only 58% is recorded in our control sample, pristine CNT cloth (Figure d).…”

“…Subsequently, Figure f compares CC@Mo 2 C NPs with some typical reported Li–CO 2 battery cathode materials in terms of various electrochemical properties. It is found that high specific capacity and low charge plateau have both been integrated into this CC@Mo 2 C NPs hybrid film and its energy efficiency outperforms that of all previous catalysts for Li–CO 2 batteries ever reported . The excellent electrochemical performance of CC@Mo 2 C NPs should be attributed to the significant advantages of this unique 0D/1D hybrid nanostructure as follows: first, 3D porous framework entangled by 1D CNTs supplies enough inner space for the deposition of discharge product, and thus opening more active sites to Li + and CO 2 gas instead of the electrode surface alone.…”

“…Nevertheless, the commonly used liquid aprotic electrolyte in current Li–CO 2 battery cells is not appropriate to construct 1D fiber‐shaped metal–gas battery devices, because of the leakage of liquid electrolyte and flammable properties . Developing a quasi‐solid‐state Li–CO 2 battery system with fire‐proof gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) is quite desirable for wearable electronics at present …”

Conjugated Cobalt Polyphthalocyanine as the Elastic and Reprocessable Catalyst for Flexible Li–CO2 Batteries

“…They have an open cathode structure which can continuously admit O 2 from the surrounding atmosphere and reduce it to Li 2 O 2 during discharge, and can release O 2 from the reoxidation of Li 2 O 2 back to the atmosphere during charge. Analogous to Li–O 2 , rechargeable Li–CO 2 batteries have been experimentally demonstrated in recent years . They operate based on the redox chemistry of CO 2 , ideally following the equation 4Li + 3CO 2 ↔ 2Li 2 CO 3 + C with a theoretical energy density of 1876 Wh kg −1 .…”

Synergistic effect of quinary molten salts and ruthenium catalyst for high-power-density lithium-carbon dioxide cell

“…In particular, it is well known that the stable nature of Li 2 CO 3 inevitably induces dead space in the cathode side, which eventually causes decreased cycle ability and increased charge potential. In order to cope with this fatal issue, paradoxically, researchers have successfully proposed a Li-CO 2 cell and suggested the importance of its application as both a rechargeable secondary battery and CO 2 capture device to retard global warming 5,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] . The proposed CO 2 reduction reaction (CO 2 RR) in the Li-CO 2 battery is based on the following electrochemical reaction: 4Li + + 3CO 2 + 4e − → 2Li 2 CO 3 + C (2.80 V vs. Li/Li + ) 5 .…”