A Real Time Epidemic Alert Generation System for Rural Areas Using WBANs and Kiosks

Giri, Soumyajit; Dutta, Sushama Rani; Datta, Sujoy; Roy, Monideepa

doi:10.1109/icit.2017.19

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The medical equipment in the van is operated by a junior doctor, and the van communicates with a central hospital through CDMA 2000 1X connectivity. The deployment of kiosks can be useful to issue epidemic alert generation as demonstrated in [351], since kiosks are distributed over villages. Thus, the symptoms of patients visiting a given kiosk can be correlated with those of a given disease, and an alert an be issued when the number of affected people crosses a certain threshold.…”

Section: Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the symptoms of patients visiting a given kiosk can be correlated with those of a given disease, and an alert an be issued when the number of affected people crosses a certain threshold. The transmission of the symptoms, along with the patient ID, to a healthcare center can be performed using available technology, e.g., GPRS as in [351,352]. GPRS was also used in [353] to test the performance of SmartHTTP, a proposed enhancement to the traditional HTTP protocol in order to enhance the quality of user experience in rural areas with intermittent and poor connectivity, especially for multimedia transmission.…”

Section: Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Key 6G Challenge and Opportunity—Connecting the Base of the Pyramid: A Survey on Rural Connectivity

2020

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Providing connectivity to around half of the world population living in rural or underprivileged areas is a tremendous challenge, but also a unique opportunity. Access to the internet would provide the population living in these areas a possibility to progress on the educational, health, environment, and business levels. In this paper, a survey of technologies for providing connectivity to rural areas, and that can help address this challenge, is provided. Although access/fronthaul and backhaul techniques are discussed in the paper, it is noted that the major limitation for providing connectivity to rural and underprivileged areas is the cost of backhaul deployment. In addition, energy requirements and cost efficiency of the studied technologies are analyzed. In fact, the challenges faced for deploying an electricity network, as a prerequisite for deploying communication networks, are huge in these areas and they are granted an important share of the discussions in this paper. Furthermore, typical application scenarios in rural areas are discussed, and several country-specific use cases are surveyed. The main

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Section: Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

A Key 6G Challenge and Opportunity—Connecting the Base of the Pyramid: A Survey on Rural Connectivity

2020

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“…The medical equipment in the van is operated by a junior doctor, and the van communicates with a central hospital through CDMA 2000 1X connectivity. The deployment of kiosks can be useful to issue epidemic alert generation as demonstrated in [327], since kiosks are distributed over villages. Thus, the symptoms of patients visiting a given kiosk can be correlated with those of a given disease, and an alert an be issued when the number of affected people crosses a certain threshold.…”

Section: Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

A Key 6G Challenge and Opportunity - Connecting the Remaining 4 Billions: A Survey on Rural Connectivity

Yaacoub¹,

Alouini²

2019

Preprint

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DRAFT 4) Hyper Connected: This scenario corresponds to people enjoying state-of-the-art connectivity, e.g., at least 4G and possibly 5G cellular connectivity, and/or with high speed fixed DSL or FTTH or FTTN connectivity. These subscribers typically live in urban areas, and it is extremely difficult to find them in rural areas, due to the numerous barriers discussed previously. This paper surveys the literature aiming to provide basic connectivity to the unconnected population, or aiming to increase the connectivity level of those with basic connectivity ("Under Hence, the challenges for FSO in space are less critical, and indeed significantly better performance can be achieved, especially due to the fact that the optical signal is not traversing the atmosphere. In 2008, an optical inter-satellite link achieved a data rate transmission of 5.6 Gbps for distances up to 5, 000 km in the European Data Relay satellite System (EDRS). Newer terminals can transmit at a data rate of 1.8 Gbps for distances up to 45, 000 km. The intersatellite Ka band link achieved 300 Mbps [44]. In EDRS, LEO satellites relay the data from ground stations to GEO satellites using FSO for the GEO-LEO satellite communication, and RF bands for communication with the ground stations (similarly to the satellite-satellite Ka link, the satellite-ground Ka link achieved 300 Mbps) [44]. Some of the recent satellite constellations discussed in Section II-E, e.g., Starlink, are also expected to use FSO for its inter-satellite communication [45,46,47]. D. HAPs/Drones/UAVs/BalloonsTo solve the coverage problem in large rural areas without relying on the deployment of costly wired infrastructure for backhaul, HAPs and UAVs are generally recommended [48].UAVs are proposed in [49] to provide backhaul connectivity for ground 5G base stations. A steering algorithm to allow the antennas of the UAV and the ground BS to be dynamically steered towards each other is proposed in [49], and tested via an experimental setup. In[50], a multihop network of HAPs is proposed for providing backhaul connectivity to TVWS deployments in rural areas. The HAPs communicate with each other using mmWave frequencies, and with the ground stations using FSO.An interference alignment scheme to maximize the sum-rate capacity of HAPs communicating with GSs is proposed in [51]. The scheme assumes M HAP drones and N GSs, with no CSI at the HAPs. A tethered balloon with (M − 1) × (N − 1) antennas is used as a decode and forward (DF) relay with half-duplex operation: The HAPs transmit their data to the GSs first, then the tethered balloon relays the data after performing pre-coding [51].Aerostats filled with lighter than air gas are tethered to the ground and used to provide connectivity to rural areas in [52]. Although these tethered aerostats can be used to provide backhaul connectivity by communicating with each other using directive antennas, they were also used in [52] to provide fronthaul WiFi access by using high gain omnidirectional antennas.

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“…Thus, the symptoms of patients visiting a given kiosk can be correlated with those of a given disease, and an alert an be issued when the number of affected people crosses a certain threshold. The transmission of the symptoms, along with the patient ID, to a healthcare center can be performed using available technology, e.g., GPRS as in [327,328]. GPRS was also used in [329] to test the performance of SmartHTTP, a proposed enhancement to the traditional HTTP protocol in order to enhance the quality of user experience in rural areas with intermittent and poor connectivity, especially for multimedia transmission.…”

Section: Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• Other initiatives such as the "basic internet"initiative [303] and the Global Access to the Internet for All (GAIA [305]. They are not listed in Table IV since they are not related to adopting a specific technology, but they also aim to provide Bangladesh eEducation, eGovernment, Farming WiFi/GPRS [357] Botswana Farming/Cattle RFID [318] Cameroon Basic internet connectivity VSAT [356] Canada (Ontario) Internet connectivity Fiber backbone and fixed wireless access [361] China eHealth WiMAX/VSAT [362] Cyprus VoIP WiFi/VSAT [319][320][321][322][323] Ecuador Telemedicine Satellite [297] Greece (Crete) Healthcare WiFi/VSAT [290,291] India Basic internet connectivity Fiber/WiFi [259,260,326,327] India Healthcare Broadband / Wireless Connectivity [260] India Education Broadband / Wireless Connectivity (WiMAX) [279] India Trading Services 2G/3G Cellular [331] India Financial Services GPRS [96] India Water Quality Monitoring LoRa [100] India Biogas Monitoring GSM [280] Indonesia ePayment SMS/2G GSM [54] Kenya Cellular connectivity Balloons [134,135] Lesotho Basic internet connectivity WiBACK (WiFi mesh) [347] Liberia Mobile connectivity 2G/3G Cellular [351] Malawi Education TVWS [77] Malaysia Basic internet connectivity Long range WiFi/Multihop [337] Malaysia Healthcare SMS/2G Cellular [338][339][340] New Zealand Broadband connectivity Fiber/Wireless [222,223,…”

Section: Foundations/initiativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Key 6G Challenge and Opportunity - Connecting the Remaining 4 Billions: A Survey on Rural Connectivity

Yaacoub¹,

Alouini²

2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Providing connectivity to around half of the World population living in rural or underprivileged areas is a tremendous challenge, but also a unique opportunity. In this paper, a survey of technologies for providing connectivity to rural areas, and that can help address this challenge, is provided. Fronthaul and backhaul techniques are discussed. In addition, energy and cost efficiency of the studied technologies are analyzed. Typical application scenarios in rural areas are discussed, and several country-specific use cases are surveyed. Directions for future evolution of rural connectivity are outlined.

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A Real Time Epidemic Alert Generation System for Rural Areas Using WBANs and Kiosks

Cited by 5 publications

References 6 publications

A Key 6G Challenge and Opportunity—Connecting the Base of the Pyramid: A Survey on Rural Connectivity

A Key 6G Challenge and Opportunity—Connecting the Base of the Pyramid: A Survey on Rural Connectivity

A Key 6G Challenge and Opportunity - Connecting the Remaining 4 Billions: A Survey on Rural Connectivity

A Key 6G Challenge and Opportunity - Connecting the Remaining 4 Billions: A Survey on Rural Connectivity

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