A rapid method for the accurate determination of lipid in animal tissues

Atkinson, Tony; Fowler, V. R.; Garton, G. A.; Lough, A. K.

doi:10.1039/an9729700562

Cited by 121 publications

(50 citation statements)

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“…The maternal body was dissected and separated into carcass and non-carcass components which were minced. Samples of each were freeze-dried and the fat content determined by the chloroform-methanol method (Atkinson et al 1972). In the remaining ewes, pregnancy outcome was determined after spontaneous vaginal delivery at term (Wallace et al 1999).…”

Section: Adolescent Pregnant Ewe Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating leptin during ovine pregnancy in relation to maternal nutrition, body composition and pregnancy outcome

Thomas¹,

Wallace²,

Aitken³

et al. 2001

Journal of Endocrinology

112

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This study examined the pattern of circulating leptin in age-matched sheep during adolescent pregnancy, and its relationship with maternal dietary intake, body composition and tissue expression of the leptin gene. Overfeeding the adolescent pregnant ewe results in rapid maternal growth at the expense of the placenta, leading to growth restriction in the fetus, compared with normal fed controls.Our results demonstrate that, in the adolescent ewe, overfeeding throughout pregnancy was associated with higher maternal leptin concentrations, when compared with moderately fed controls (P<0·05), with no peak in circulating leptin towards the end of pregnancy. There was a close correlation between indices of body composition and circulating leptin levels at day 104 of gestation and at term (P<0·03). Further, when the dietary intake was switched from moderate to high, or high to moderate, at day 50 of gestation, circulating leptin levels changed rapidly, in parallel with the changes in dietary intake. Leptin mRNA levels and leptin protein in perirenal adipose tissue samples, taken at day 128 of gestation, were higher in overfed dams (P<0·04), suggesting that adipose tissue was the source of the increase in circulating leptin in the overnourished ewes. Leptin protein was also detected in placenta but leptin gene expression was negligible. However, leptin receptor gene expression was detected in the ovine placenta, suggesting that the placenta is a target organ for leptin. A negative association existed between maternal circulating leptin and fetal birth weight, placental/cotyledon weight and cotyledon number.In conclusion, in this particular ovine model, hyperleptinaemia was not observed during late pregnancy. Instead, circulating leptin concentrations reflected increased levels of leptin secretion by adipose tissue primarily as a result of the increase in body fat deposition, due to overfeeding. However, there appears to be a direct effect of overfeeding, particularly in the short term. In the nutritional switch-over study, circulating leptin concentrations changed within 48 h of the change in dietary intake. The presence of leptin protein and leptin receptor gene expression in the placenta suggests that leptin could be involved in nutrient partitioning during placental and/or fetal development.

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Section: Adolescent Pregnant Ewe Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating leptin during ovine pregnancy in relation to maternal nutrition, body composition and pregnancy outcome

Thomas¹,

Wallace²,

Aitken³

et al. 2001

Journal of Endocrinology

112

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“…The fat content of human milk was measured by extraction with chloroform/methanol (2: 1 vol/vol) under reflux with the subsequent measurement of the residue wt (19). Each human milk sample was also freeze-dried, and the carbohydrate content was calculated from the different between the dry matter and the sum of the protein content (N x 6.38) and the fat content.…”

Section: Hmf Human Milk-fedmentioning

confidence: 99%

15N Tracer Studies of Protein Metabolism in Low Birth Weight Preterm Infants: A Comparison of 15N Glycine and 15N Yeast Protein Hydrolysate and of Human Milk- and Formula-Fed Babies

Stack¹,

Reeds

Preston

et al. 1989

Pediatr Res

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ABSTRACT. Nitrogen flux and protein synthesis and deg-over a short (-12 h) period. This approach has received relatively radation were estimated using a single oral bolus of 15N little attention in studies with infants (4). glycine or I5N yeast protein hydrolysate and measuring the The use of single amino acids as tracers in studies based on 15 N enrichment of urinary ammonia in five low birth wt end-product labeling may give results that are biased by the infants fed a low birth wt formula and in six who were peculiarities of the metabolism of the tracer amino acid (5), and receiving their own mother's breast milk. Results derived it seems clear that different amino acids can give quite different from using IsN-glycine and I5N-yeast hydrolysate tracers estimates of whole-body amino-N flux in the same individuals in a randomized crossover study in 10 studies on seven (6, 7). This consideration may be particularly important when infants showed, with one exception, higher turnover rates "N-glycine is used in preterm babies, because in these infants and more interindividual variation with the j5N yeast. Both glycine appears to behave as a limiting or semi-essential amino tracers showed good reproducibility in two infants who had acid. As suggested by others (I, 8-10) one possible way, in theory repeated studies. Although wt gain was similar in both at least, of avoiding this problem is to use mixtures of labeled groups, nitrogen intake and retention were greater (p < amino acids as tracers. 0.01) in the formula-fed group. Mean nitrogen turnoverIn the present work, we have measured protein turnover in was similar in both groups, but there was a greater variance preterm neonates by examining the labeling of urinary ammonia in the human milk-fed group which also had a greater after a single oral dose of tracer, as suggested by Waterlow and nitrogen turnover/U absorbed nitrogen (p < 0.025) and a colleagues (2) and used in adult subjects (8, 1 I, 12). We compared lower excretion of nitrogenlu flux. (Pediatr Res 25167-two tracers-I5N-glycine and "N-yeast protein hydrolysate-172,1989) and protein turnover in infants receiving a formula feed or their mother's milk. Abbreviations FF, formula-fed MATERIALS AND METHODS

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“…Kadar protein diuji dengan modifikasi metode Kjeldahl (AOAC, 1980). Kadar lemak diuji menurut metode Atkinson et al (1972), yaitu dengan ekstrasi sampel dengan menggunakan kloroform dan metanol perbandingan 2:1, selama 8 jam. Kadar abu diuji dengan pemanasan dalam tanur listrik pada temperatur 600ºC selama 3,5 jam (AOAC, 1980).…”

Section: Materi Dan Metodeunclassified

Karakteristik Kimia dan Mikrostruktur Otot Longissimus Dorsi dan Biceps Femoris dari Sapi Glonggong (Chemical Characteristics and Microstructure of Longissimus Dorsi and Biceps Femoris Muscle of Glonggong Beef Cattle)

Prasetyo¹,

Soeparno²,

Suryanto³

et al. 2012

BuletinPeternak

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INTISARITujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis karakteristik kimia dan mikrostruktur daging sapi glonggong dan daging sapi yang dipotong sesuai prosedur. Sampel daging diambil di Kabupaten Boyolali berasal dari lima ekor sapi PO jantan yang diglonggong dibandingkan dengan lima ekor sapi PO jantan normal dengan bobot hidup rata-rata 250-300 kg. Data kimia daging dianalisis menggunakan analisis varian faktorial (2x2). Karakteristik mikrostruktur daging dianalisis secara deskriptif. Kadar air daging sapi glonggong menunjukkan lebih tinggi dibanding daging sapi normal pada otot BF dan LD yaitu rata-rata 80,64% dan 80,14% vs 78,60% dan 74,57%. Protein daging sapi BF (15,98%) dan LD (16,17%) lebih rendah dari pada daging sapi normal BF (21,08%) dan LD (21,07%). Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa pengglonggongan sapi sebelum disembelih berbeda nyata (P<0,05) terhadap nilai lemak daging pada tiap otot. Nilai asam laktat daging sapi glonggong otot LD lebih rendah dari pada daging normal yaitu (2.815,891 vs 6.827,77 ppm). Kesimpulan penelitian adalah daging sapi hasil glonggongan menunjukkan karakteristik kimia yang lebih rendah dibanding dengan daging sapi yang dipotong secara normal. Terjadi kerusakan jaringan otot dilihat secara mikrostruktur pada otot LD, BF maupun organ hati dari daging sapi yang diglonggong.(Kata kunci : Kimia, mikrostruktur, Otot-Sapi, Glonggong) ABSTRACT PendahuluanDaging untuk industri pangan harus memenuhi persyaratan mutu pangan yang telah ditetapkan. Persyaratan mutu ini dapat dikategorikan menjadi dua yaitu 1) Persyaratan mutu fisik daging meliputi kandungan zat gizi, karakteristik fisik, kandungan bahan berbahaya, penyakit hewan yang _________________________________ * Korespondensi (corresponding author): Telp. +62 856 4063 4373 E-mail: amr_pra@yahoo.co.id ada, dan jumlah mikroba, dan 2) Persyaratan mutu non fisik daging biasanya mengacu pada kehalalan dan palatabilitas daging. Pemenuhan persyaratan mutu daging sangat diperlukan dalam rangka menyatakan apakah daging yang digunakan itu aman (tidak mengandung residu bahan yang berbahaya), sehat (daging berasal dari ternak yang sehat dan dagingnya tidak membahayakan apabila dikonsumsi manusia), utuh (mengandung zat gizi yang lengkap), dan halal (ternak disembelih secara Islam dan daging tidak dicampuri dengan bahan 23

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A rapid method for the accurate determination of lipid in animal tissues

Cited by 121 publications

References 0 publications

Circulating leptin during ovine pregnancy in relation to maternal nutrition, body composition and pregnancy outcome

Circulating leptin during ovine pregnancy in relation to maternal nutrition, body composition and pregnancy outcome

15N Tracer Studies of Protein Metabolism in Low Birth Weight Preterm Infants: A Comparison of 15N Glycine and 15N Yeast Protein Hydrolysate and of Human Milk- and Formula-Fed Babies

Karakteristik Kimia dan Mikrostruktur Otot Longissimus Dorsi dan Biceps Femoris dari Sapi Glonggong (Chemical Characteristics and Microstructure of Longissimus Dorsi and Biceps Femoris Muscle of Glonggong Beef Cattle)

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