“…Detection and sensing of viruses, pollutants, and other related proteins have received much attention with the Zika and MERS outbursts in recent years. − To be considered a good detection and sensing platform, stability and detection sensitivity as well as ease of use and maintenance should be guaranteed. , There are several careful studies of paper-based sensing membranes that provide a cheap and convenient option for virus/pollutant detection. − To date, a large number of novel paper-based sensing technologies, including nanoparticle-based and electronic-based sensors, have been developed to increase detection sensitivity. − However, many of these technologies require a significant amount of detection time, function only under certain storage conditions and are quite often expensive. As alternatives to these high technology sensing platforms, colorimetric and immunosensors are still popular in clinical use. − These immunosensors are based on immobilized capturing antibodies, and virus particles/antigens captured on antibodies were detected by detection antibodies. , Colorimetric/immunosensing platforms are widely used in various viruses, antigens, and pollutant detection systems; however, most of the studies of these paper-based sensors focus on detection sensitivity and not stability or storage conditions. − In addition, a large number of paper-based sensing membrane systems have adopted chemically treated membranes to enhance protein/antibody adsorption and stability, − but comparative studies of protein stability and detection sensitivity on different paper-based membranes are rare. To verify the stability of printed proteins on paper-based membranes and to fill the gaps in research, we conducted systematic studies of protein stability and sensitivity on three different paper-based membranes.…”