2013
DOI: 10.1001/2013.jamapsychiatry.4
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A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Tumor Necrosis Factor Antagonist Infliximab for Treatment-Resistant Depression

Abstract: Increased concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers predict antidepressant nonresponse, and inflammatory cytokines can sabotage and circumvent the mechanisms of action of conventional antidepressants.Objectives: To determine whether inhibition of the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) reduces depressive symptoms in patients with treatmentresistant depression and whether an increase in baseline plasma inflammatory biomarkers, including highsensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), TNF, and its sol… Show more

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Cited by 1,355 publications
(1,151 citation statements)
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References 74 publications
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“…However, distinguishing this 'inflammatory subtype' of depression from other non-inflammatory subtypes has been more challenging, and currently there are no behavioral or neural phenotypic data for understanding the basis of these differences, which is necessary for precision-based intervention development (although C-reactive protein (CRP) levels have been used as a physiological biomarker for this difference; Raison et al, 2013).…”
Section: Differentiating Inflammatory-mediated Depression From Other mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, distinguishing this 'inflammatory subtype' of depression from other non-inflammatory subtypes has been more challenging, and currently there are no behavioral or neural phenotypic data for understanding the basis of these differences, which is necessary for precision-based intervention development (although C-reactive protein (CRP) levels have been used as a physiological biomarker for this difference; Raison et al, 2013).…”
Section: Differentiating Inflammatory-mediated Depression From Other mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…And in experimental models, SSRIs attenuate lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation [91]. A variety of more traditional antiinflammatory therapies has also been used for the treatment of depression, including aspirin and other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, statins, and cytokine inhibitors like etanercept (which blocks TNF) [92][93][94][95]. Agomelatine is a a b c d member of a novel class of new antidepressants which are melatonin agonists; it has been approved by the European Union, after being shown to have similar efficacy to SSRIs for the treatment of depression [96,97].…”
Section: Therapeutic Approaches To the Treatment Of Depression: A Focmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Moreover, gene expression profiling conducted on post-mortem brain tissue samples from the frontal cortex of patients with MDD shows an upregulated expression of cytokines including eg IL-1ïą, IL-18, IL-8, IL-12, lymphotoxin alpha and interferon (IFN)- (Shelton et al, 2011). More direct evidence for the involvement of cytokines in the pathophysiology of MDD comes from the observations that (i) anti-TNF treatment has therapeutic effects in resistant MDD with increased CRP (Raison et al, 2013), and (ii) the development of depressed mood, anxious symptoms and impaired cognition in human patients treated with type I interferons ( (Miller et al, 2009)). Likewise, in mice, the systemic or intracerebroventricular administration of cytokines or cytokine inducers leads to depressive-like behavior (Fu et al, 2010).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%