Valienamine
is the key functional component of many natural glycosidase
inhibitors, including the crop protectant validamycin A and the clinical
antidiabetic agent acarbose. Due to its important biomedical activity,
it is also the prominent lead compound for the exploration of therapeutic
agents, such as the stronger α-glucosidase inhibitor voglibose.
Currently, the main route for obtaining valienamine is a multistep
biosynthetic process involving the synthesis and degradation of validamycin
A. Here, we established an alternative, vastly simplified shunt pathway
for the direct synthesis of valienamine based on an envisioned non-natural
transamination in the validamycin A producer Streptomyces
hygroscopicus 5008. We first identified candidate aminotransferases
for the non-natural ketone substrate valienone and conducted molecular
evolution in vitro. The WecE enzyme from Escherichia coli was verified to complete the envisioned
step with >99.9% enantiomeric excess and was further engineered
to
produce a 32.6-fold more active mutant, VarB, through protein evolution.
Subsequently, two copies of VarB were introduced into the host, and
the new shunt pathway produced 0.52 mg/L valienamine after a 96-h
fermentation. Our study thus illustrates a dramatically simplified
alternative shunt pathway for valienamine production and introduces
a promising foundational platform for increasing the production of
valienamine and its valuable N-modified derivatives for use in pharmaceutical
applications.