A Putative MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase,<i>MCK1</i>, Is Required for Cell Wall Integrity and Pathogenicity of the Rice Blast Fungus,<i>Magnaporthe oryzae</i>

Jeon, Junhyun; Goh, Jaeduk; Yoo, Sungyong; Chi, Myoung‐Hwan; Choi, Jaehyuk; Rho, Hee-Sool; Park, Jongsun; Han, Seong-Sook; Kim, Byeong Ryun; Park, Sook‐Young; Park, Jae Hyeon; Lee, Yong-Hwan

doi:10.1094/mpmi-21-5-0525

Cited by 140 publications

(152 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…By contrast, Co Atg26 lacking the CAT region (ATG26DCAT) or Co Atg26 lacking PBD (ATG26DPBD) failed to increase the sensitivity of the atg26 mutant to glycerol, indicating that this appressorial phenotype correlates strongly with the defect in appressorial pexophagy (Figures 9D and 6B). A similar phenotype was also found in the appressoria formed by the mck1 mutant of M. oryzae, defective in the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway for cell wall integrity (Jeon et al, 2008). These findings suggest that Atg26-mediated pexophagy is involved in certain structural aspects of appressorial development, which are subsequently important for efficient host invasion.…”

Section: Atg26-mediated Pexophagy and Appressorial Functionalitysupporting

confidence: 65%

Atg26-Mediated Pexophagy Is Required for Host Invasion by the Plant Pathogenic Fungus Colletotrichum orbiculare

et al. 2009

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The number of peroxisomes in a cell can change rapidly in response to changing environmental and physiological conditions. Pexophagy, a type of selective autophagy, is involved in peroxisome degradation, but its physiological role remains to be clarified. Here, we report that cells of the cucumber anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum orbiculare undergo peroxisome degradation as they infect host plants. We performed a random insertional mutagenesis screen to identify genes involved in cucumber pathogenesis by C. orbiculare. In this screen, we isolated a homolog of Pichia pastoris ATG26, which encodes a sterol glucosyltransferase that enhances pexophagy in this methylotrophic yeast. The C. orbiculare atg26 mutant developed appressoria but exhibited a specific defect in the subsequent host invasion step, implying a relationship between pexophagy and fungal phytopathogenicity. Consistent with this, its peroxisomes are degraded inside vacuoles, accompanied by the formation of autophagosomes during infection-related morphogenesis. The autophagic degradation of peroxisomes was significantly delayed in the appressoria of the atg26 mutant. Functional domain analysis of Atg26 suggested that both the phosphoinositide binding domain and the catalytic domain are required for pexophagy and pathogenicity. In contrast with the atg26 mutant, which is able to form appressoria, the atg8 mutant, which is defective in the entire autophagic pathway, cannot form normal appressoria in the earlier steps of morphogenesis. These results indicate a specific function for Atg26-enhanced pexophagy during host invasion by C. orbiculare.

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Section: Atg26-mediated Pexophagy and Appressorial Functionalitysupporting

confidence: 65%

Atg26-Mediated Pexophagy Is Required for Host Invasion by the Plant Pathogenic Fungus Colletotrichum orbiculare

et al. 2009

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“…In M. oryzae, MPS1 and BCK1, putative orthologs of yeast Slt2 and Bck1, are important for fungal cell wall integrity and pathogenesis (Xu et al, 1998;Jeon et al, 2008). In this study, we showed that phosphorylation of Mps1 was reduced in the tig1, set3, and snt1 mutants ( Figure 9).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…It is also essential for root infection (Sesma and Osbourn, 2004) and the proper regulation of the mobilization of storage carbohydrate and lipid reserves from conidia to appressoria (Thines et al, 2000). The other MAP kinase pathway essential for pathogenesis in M. oryzae is the MPS1 cascade, which is dispensable for appressorium formation but required for appressorial penetration (Xu et al, 1998;Jeon et al, 2008;Mehrabi et al, 2008). These two pathways also have been shown to be important for plant infection in other phytopathogenic fungi, including some species that do not form appressoria (Rispail et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Tig1 Histone Deacetylase Complex Regulates Infectious Growth in the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae

et al. 2010

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Magnaporthe oryzae is the most damaging fungal pathogen of rice (Oryza sativa). In this study, we characterized the TIG1 transducin b-like gene required for infectious growth and its interacting genes that are required for plant infection in this model phytopathogenic fungus. Tig1 homologs in yeast and mammalian cells are part of a conserved histone deacetylase (HDAC) transcriptional corepressor complex. The tig1 deletion mutant was nonpathogenic and defective in conidiogenesis. It had an increased sensitivity to oxidative stress and failed to develop invasive hyphae in plant cells. Using affinity purification and coimmunoprecipitation assays, we identified several Tig1-associated proteins, including two HDACs that are homologous to components of the yeast Set3 complex. Functional analyses revealed that TIG1, SET3, SNT1, and HOS2 were core components of the Tig1 complex in M. oryzae. The set3, snt1, and hos2 deletion mutants displayed similar defects as those observed in the tig1 mutant, but deletion of HST1 or HOS4 had no detectable phenotypes. Deletion of any of these core components of the Tig1 complex resulted in a significant reduction in HDAC activities. Our results showed that TIG1, like its putative yeast and mammalian orthologs, is one component of a conserved HDAC complex that is required for infectious growth and conidiogenesis in M. oryzae and highlighted that chromatin modification is an essential regulatory mechanism during plant infection.

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“…Following epistasis study, Mor-Bck1 was suggested to function upstream of Mor-Slt2 to ensure proper appressorium function (Jeon et al, 2008). Two nuclear localized proteins from M. oryzae were also found to interact with Slt2 and are believed to act as key downstream substrates mediating MAPK function (Mehrabi et al, 2008;Qi et al, 2012).…”

Section: Slt2-type Mapks In Phytopathogenic Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling in Plant-Interacting Fungi: Distinct Messages from Conserved Messengers

et al. 2012

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Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are evolutionarily conserved proteins that function as key signal transduction components in fungi, plants, and mammals. During interaction between phytopathogenic fungi and plants, fungal MAPKs help to promote mechanical and/or enzymatic penetration of host tissues, while plant MAPKs are required for activation of plant immunity. However, new insights suggest that MAPK cascades in both organisms do not operate independently but that they mutually contribute to a highly interconnected molecular dialogue between the plant and the fungus. As a result, some pathogenesis-related processes controlled by fungal MAPKs lead to the activation of plant signaling, including the recruitment of plant MAPK cascades. Conversely, plant MAPKs promote defense mechanisms that threaten the survival of fungal cells, leading to a stress response mediated in part by fungal MAPK cascades. In this review, we make use of the genomic data available following completion of whole-genome sequencing projects to analyze the structure of MAPK protein families in 24 fungal taxa, including both plant pathogens and mycorrhizal symbionts. Based on conserved patterns of sequence diversification, we also propose the adoption of a unified fungal MAPK nomenclature derived from that established for the model species Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Finally, we summarize current knowledge of the functions of MAPK cascades in phytopathogenic fungi and highlight the central role played by MAPK signaling during the molecular dialogue between plants and invading fungal pathogens.

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A Putative MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase,MCK1, Is Required for Cell Wall Integrity and Pathogenicity of the Rice Blast Fungus,Magnaporthe oryzae

Cited by 140 publications

References 37 publications

Atg26-Mediated Pexophagy Is Required for Host Invasion by the Plant Pathogenic Fungus Colletotrichum orbiculare

Atg26-Mediated Pexophagy Is Required for Host Invasion by the Plant Pathogenic Fungus Colletotrichum orbiculare

The Tig1 Histone Deacetylase Complex Regulates Infectious Growth in the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling in Plant-Interacting Fungi: Distinct Messages from Conserved Messengers

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