A Preliminary Study of Comparative Measurements of Rainfall Rate Using the Differential Reflectivity Radar Technique and a Raingage Network

Seliga, T. A.; Bringi, V. N.; Alkhatib, Hasan

doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1981)020<1362:apsocm>2.0.co;2

Cited by 51 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…The Ka/W-SACR2 observed reflectivity is corrected for gaseous attenuation based on sounding measurements at 1800 UTC for each day using a methodology proposed by Liebe et al (1993). The Ka/W-SACR2 Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 10.1002/2017JD027717 Z DR measurements are corrected for systematic biases (Seliga et al, 1981) by averaging Z DR from zenithpointing 360°rotation scans and found to be equal to 0.11 dB for Ka-SACR2 and À0.62 dB for W-SACR2. Additional biases attributed to elevation dependencies of Z DR and K DP are corrected using theoretical formulas presented in Ryzhkov et al (2005) and Schneebeli et al (2013).…”

Section: Ka/w-sacr2 Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Exploring the Synergy Between Cloud Radar Polarimetry and Doppler Spectral Analysis in Deep Cold Precipitating Systems in the Arctic

et al. 2018

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The study of Arctic ice and mixed‐phase clouds, which are characterized by a variety of ice particle types in the same cloudy volume, is challenging research. This study illustrates a new approach to qualitative and quantitative analysis of the complexity of ice and mixed‐phase microphysical processes in Arctic deep precipitating systems using the combination of Ka‐band zenith‐pointing radar Doppler spectra and quasi‐vertical profiles of polarimetric radar variables measured by a Ka/W‐band scanning radar. The results illustrate the frequent occurrence of multimodal Doppler spectra in the dendritic/planar growth layer, where locally generated, slower‐falling particle populations are well separated from faster‐falling populations in terms of Doppler velocity. The slower‐falling particle populations contribute to an increase of differential reflectivity (ZDR), while an enhanced specific differential phase (KDP) in this dendritic growth temperature range is caused by both the slower and faster‐falling particle populations. Another area with frequent occurrence of multimodal Doppler spectra is in mixed‐phase layers, where both populations produce ZDR and KDP values close to 0, suggesting the occurrence of a riming process. Joint analysis of the Doppler spectra and the polarimetric radar variables provides important insight into the microphysics of snow formation and allows the separation of the contributions of ice of different habits to the values of reflectivity and ZDR.

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Section: Ka/w-sacr2 Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Exploring the Synergy Between Cloud Radar Polarimetry and Doppler Spectral Analysis in Deep Cold Precipitating Systems in the Arctic

et al. 2018

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“…Capability of dual polarized radars to estimate rainfall rate with better accuracy via differential reflectivity (ZDR) measurement has been well established. Seliga et al [1981] have shown, through a comparative study of rainfall rates measured by using horizontal reflectivity Zn and ZDR, and rain gage network, that the accuracy obtainable by using the Z• method is comparable to that of rain gage network. The advantage of radar technique is that it can estimate rainfall rates over a vast area remotely and hence can augment a rain gage network.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Z_DR measurement considerations for a fast scan capability radar

Sachidananda¹,

Zrnić²

1985

Radio Science

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This paper discusses the possibility of incorporating differential reflectivity (ZDR) measurement in Doppler radars having fast scan capability, without compromising the accuracy of the spectral moment estimates. The presently established technique of ZDR measurement using alternate sampling of horizontally and vertically polarized signals (H and V) has long acquisition time and reduced maximum unambiguous velocity. It is shown that ZDR acquisition time can be reduced significantly by simultaneously sampling H and V signals and range averaging, which does not compromise spectral moments estimation capability and volume update time. An analysis of variance of ZDR suggests that accurate estimation of ZDR at scan rates of 18° s−1 is possible only if correlation between simultaneously received horizontally and vertically polarized echoes is better than 0.995. A theoretical investigation of all the factors that contribute to the decorrelation established that this indeed is the case for rain media. A scheme for ZDR measurement is suggested which uses +45° and −45° polarized transmissions alternately and simultaneous reception of H and V signals to compensate for bias error due to propagation. Further, a method for nearly eliminating the bias error due to receiver mismatch is suggested.

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“…The capability to transmit both vertically and horizontally polarized electromagnetic waves allows measuring and deriving different polarimetric parameters, such as the reflectivity polarization ratio (Z DR ), the linear depolarization ratio (LDR), differential phase (/ DP ) and specific differential phase (K DP ), the co-polar correlation coefficient (q HV ) [for a description of each one of them, consult Brandes (2000) and among others]. The use of these quantities can improve rainfall estimation (e.g., Seliga et al 1981;Scarchilli et al 1993;Brandes et al 2001;Ulbrich and Atlas 2008), hydrometeor classification (e.g., Bringi et al 1984;Ryzhkov and Zrnic 1998a;Straka et al 2000;Heinselman and Ryzhkov 2006;, radar calibration (e.g., Scarchilli et al 1996;Gorgucci et al 1999;Ryzhkov et al 2005;Bechini et al 2008;Gourley et al 2009), attenuation correction (e.g., Vulpiani et al 2005Vulpiani et al , 2008Gorgucci and Baldini 2007;Kim et al 2008), and rainfall estimation in the presence of ground clutter, anomalous propagation and beam blockage (e.g., Ryzhkov and Zrnic 1998b;Zrnic et al 2006;Friedrich et al 2007;Rico-Ramirez and Cluckie 2007;Moisseev and Chandrasekar 2009;Lang et al 2009;Friedrich et al 2009). Therefore, it is likely that some of the sources of errors affecting single-polarization radars will have a more limited impact on rainfall estimation by polarimetric radars.…”

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Review of the Different Sources of Uncertainty in Single Polarization Radar-Based Estimates of Rainfall

2009

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It is well acknowledged that there are large uncertainties associated with radarbased estimates of rainfall. Numerous sources of these errors are due to parameter estimation, the observational system and measurement principles, and not fully understood physical processes. Propagation of these uncertainties through all models for which radarrainfall are used as input (e.g., hydrologic models) or as initial conditions (e.g., weather forecasting models) is necessary to enhance the understanding and interpretation of the obtained results. The aim of this paper is to provide an extensive literature review of the principal sources of error affecting single polarization radar-based rainfall estimates. These include radar miscalibration, attenuation, ground clutter and anomalous propagation, beam blockage, variability of the Z-R relation, range degradation, vertical variability of the precipitation system, vertical air motion and precipitation drift, and temporal sampling errors. Finally, the authors report some recent results from empirically-based modeling of the total radar-rainfall uncertainties. The bibliography comprises over 200 peer reviewed journal articles.

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A Preliminary Study of Comparative Measurements of Rainfall Rate Using the Differential Reflectivity Radar Technique and a Raingage Network

Cited by 51 publications

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Toward Exploring the Synergy Between Cloud Radar Polarimetry and Doppler Spectral Analysis in Deep Cold Precipitating Systems in the Arctic

Toward Exploring the Synergy Between Cloud Radar Polarimetry and Doppler Spectral Analysis in Deep Cold Precipitating Systems in the Arctic

Z_DR measurement considerations for a fast scan capability radar

Review of the Different Sources of Uncertainty in Single Polarization Radar-Based Estimates of Rainfall

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A Preliminary Study of Comparative Measurements of Rainfall Rate Using the Differential Reflectivity Radar Technique and a Raingage Network

Cited by 51 publications

References 0 publications

Toward Exploring the Synergy Between Cloud Radar Polarimetry and Doppler Spectral Analysis in Deep Cold Precipitating Systems in the Arctic

Toward Exploring the Synergy Between Cloud Radar Polarimetry and Doppler Spectral Analysis in Deep Cold Precipitating Systems in the Arctic

ZDR measurement considerations for a fast scan capability radar

Review of the Different Sources of Uncertainty in Single Polarization Radar-Based Estimates of Rainfall

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Z_DR measurement considerations for a fast scan capability radar