A Possible Involvement of Oxidative Lung Injury in Endotoxin-Induced Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness to Substance P in Guinea Pigs

Apocynin increases glutathione synthesis and activates AP‐1 in alveolar epithelial cells

“…These effects may be mediated by a transcriptional mechanism involving transcription factors such as activator protein‐1 (AP‐1). Furthermore, recent study has indicated that apocynin inhibits endotoxin‐induced bronchial hyperresponsiveness to substance P and plasma levels of lipid peroxides in guinea pigs [6].…”

Redox-sensitive regulation of macrophage-inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in vitro does not correlate with the failure of apocynin to prevent lung inflammation induced by endotoxin

“…However, several other studies mentioned above did not show any effect of leukocytes accumulation in the lungs (Iwamae et al 1998;Muijsers et al 2001;Salmon et al 1998;Tsukagoshi et al 1995), which is important in pathogenesis of LPS-induced lung inflammation. Thus, this in turn supports our observations of the absent effect of APO on the sequestration of leukocytes in the lungs.…”

“…0.33 mg/kg). Employing other animal models of endotoxin-induced lung inflammation, Iwamae et al (1998) showed that APO significantly inhibited aerosolized endotoxin-induced bronchial hyperresponsiveness to substance P in a guinea-pig model without the effect of APO on the accumulation of cells in BALF. Wang et al (1994) reported the positive effect of APO on septic lung injury in guinea pigs, including a decrease in the number of neutrophils in BALF.…”

Neutral Endopeptidase Determines the Severity of Pancreatitis-Associated Lung Injury1

“…The cell-surface enzyme NEP degrades proinflammatory mediators of lung injury such as SP in both inhaled-toxin models and endotoxin-mediated inflammatory models [37,38]. Mice deficient in the SP receptor NK1-R have less severe PALI [3].…”