A portable optical human sweat sensor

Alomari, Mahmoud; Liu, Gengchen; Mueller, Anja; Mock, Adam; Ghosh, Ruby N.; Smith, Kyle C.; Kaya, Tolga

doi:10.1063/1.4901332

Cited by 31 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…The most common detection methods for biochemical species in sweat are optical detection and electrochemical sensing . Electrochemical sensing is particularly convenient because it is able to directly translate chemical signals to electrical signals without the use of labels .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wearable Organic Electrochemical Transistor Patch for Multiplexed Sensing of Calcium and Ammonium Ions from Human Perspiration

Keene

Fogarty

Cooke

et al. 2019

Adv Healthcare Materials

137

115

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Wearable health monitoring has garnered considerable interest from the healthcare industry as an evolutionary alternative to standard practices with the ability to provide rapid, off‐site diagnosis and patient‐monitoring. In particular, sweat‐based wearable biosensors offer a noninvasive route to continuously monitor a variety of biomarkers for a range of physiological conditions. Both the accessibility and wealth of information of sweat make it an ideal target for noninvasive devices that can aid in early diagnosis of disease or to monitor athletic performance. Here, the integration of ammonium (NH4+) and calcium (Ca2+) ion‐selective membranes with a poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)‐based (PEDOT:PSS) organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) for multiplexed sensing of NH4+ and Ca2+ in sweat with high sensitivity and selectivity is reported for the first time. The presented wearable sweat sensor is designed by combining a flexible and stretchable styrene‐ethylene‐butene‐styrene substrate with a laser‐patterned microcapillary channel array for direct sweat acquisition and delivery to the ion‐selective OECT. The resulting dermal sensor exhibits a wide working range between 0.01 × 10−3 and 100 × 10−3 m, well within the physiological levels of NH4+ and Ca2+ in sweat. The integrated devices are successfully implemented with both ex situ measurements and on human subjects with real‐time analysis using a wearable sensor assembly.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wearable Organic Electrochemical Transistor Patch for Multiplexed Sensing of Calcium and Ammonium Ions from Human Perspiration

Keene

Fogarty

Cooke

et al. 2019

Adv Healthcare Materials

137

115

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Various concentrations of artificial sweat solutions were prepared based on previous work [19]. 0.5% of sodium chloride, 0.1% of potassium chloride, 0.1 % of lactic acid, and 0.1 % of urea were added to deionized water in weight/volume ratios.…”

Section: Preparation Of Artificial Sweat and Cuo Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced hydration detection properties of nanostructured CuO films by annealing

Şahin

Kaya

2016

Microelectronic Engineering

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This work reports the effects of annealing on the material properties and sweat sensing behavior of nanostructured CuO-based films. CuO films were grown on glass substrates via SILAR (Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction) method. Films were annealed at 200 o C and 400 o C in ambient air for 45 minutes. Scanning electron microscopy analysis confirmed the plate-like morphology of CuO nanostructures with average plate thickness increasing from 30 nm to 70 nm with increasing annealing temperature. X-ray diffraction studies of the films revealed that the average crystallite sizes were around 17-22 nm. The bandgap values were calculated from the UV-visible absorbance spectrum and it was determined that the annealing process lowered the bandgap valued from 1.46 eV to 1.38 eV suggesting that the resistivity would also decrease. The prospect of sweat electrolyte sensing properties of CuO films was studied by drop cast application of different concentrations of artificial sweat solutions. We found that annealing process increases the sensitivity of sweat electrolyte level detection for particularly low concentration artificial sweat solutions.

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“…What is in sweat is well understood; it is mostly water, with electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, urea, lactate, and other trace minerals [ 12 , 14 ]. Several sweat-based hydration detection monitoring systems were proposed that included optical [ 15 , 16 ], electrochemical [ 17 , 18 ], or amperometric [ 17 , 19 ] techniques. It is known that the amounts of individual constituents of sweat not only vary from person to person, but also show significant variations in different regions of the same individual [ 14 , 20 , 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Building on our years-long sweat concentration research [ 16 , 32 , 33 , 34 ], we have recently proposed a concept that could be used for sweat rate sensing applications, and stated that it could potentially be utilized for sweat-rate sensing applications [ 35 ]. Building upon our expertise on the Internet of Things (IoT) [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ], we are bringing our concept into life by proposing a wearable, real-time sweat rate device.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Real-Time Wireless Sweat Rate Measurement System for Physical Activity Monitoring

Brueck

Iftekhar

Stannard

et al. 2018

Sensors

Self Cite

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There has been significant research on the physiology of sweat in the past decade, with one of the main interests being the development of a real-time hydration monitor that utilizes sweat. The contents of sweat have been known for decades; sweat provides significant information on the physiological condition of the human body. However, it is important to know the sweat rate as well, as sweat rate alters the concentration of the sweat constituents, and ultimately affects the accuracy of hydration detection. Towards this goal, a calorimetric based flow-rate detection system was built and tested to determine sweat rate in real time. The proposed sweat rate monitoring system has been validated through both controlled lab experiments (syringe pump) and human trials. An Internet of Things (IoT) platform was embedded, with the sensor using a Simblee board and Raspberry Pi. The overall prototype is capable of sending sweat rate information in real time to either a smartphone or directly to the cloud. Based on a proven theoretical concept, our overall system implementation features a pioneer device that can truly measure the rate of sweat in real time, which was tested and validated on human subjects. Our realization of the real-time sweat rate watch is capable of detecting sweat rates as low as 0.15 µL/min/cm 2 , with an average error in accuracy of 18% compared to manual sweat rate readings.

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A portable optical human sweat sensor

Cited by 31 publications

References 32 publications

Wearable Organic Electrochemical Transistor Patch for Multiplexed Sensing of Calcium and Ammonium Ions from Human Perspiration

Wearable Organic Electrochemical Transistor Patch for Multiplexed Sensing of Calcium and Ammonium Ions from Human Perspiration

Enhanced hydration detection properties of nanostructured CuO films by annealing

A Real-Time Wireless Sweat Rate Measurement System for Physical Activity Monitoring

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