A platyrrhine talus from the early Miocene of Peru (Amazonian Madre de Dios Sub-Andean Zone)

A 60-million-year Cenozoic history of western Amazonian ecosystems in Contamana, eastern Peru

“…The anilioid squamate from CTA-27 and sebecid mesoeucrocodylians have a similar range (Pol and Powell, 2011;Wallach et al, 2014). The mammalian fauna from the Contamana series also has a strong South American signature, with bonapartherioid and argyrolagid polydolopimorphians, paucituberculatans, and sparassodonts (e.g., Beck, 2012), but also South American native Kummel (1948), Roddaz et al (2010), Marivaux et al (2012), Antoine et al (2013), Louterbach et al (2014), Boonstra et al (2015), Eude et al (2015), references therein, and our own observations. ungulates, such as pyrotheres and astrapotheres -possibly closely related to notungulates though (Billet, 2010) and, as such, to perissodactyls (Buckley, 2015;Welker et al, 2015).…”

“…Concurrently, the same multidisciplinary team surveyed the upper Madre de Dios River (Fig. 1A), leading to the recognition of an early middle Miocene mammal assemblage ("Colloncuran" SALMA; Antoine et al, 2013), as well as an early Miocene mammalian faunule that is noteworthy for producing the earliest crown platyrrhine known so far (MD-61, "Pinturan" age; Marivaux et al, 2012), and an early middle Miocene mammal assemblage ("Colloncuran" SALMA; Antoine et al, 2013). Microfossils (foraminiferans), macrofossils (oysters and selachians), geochemical, and sedimentological evidence from the area document the occurrence of a (late) Paleocene marine incursion in the Southern Peruvian Foreland Basin (SPFB; Louterbach et al, 2014).…”

“…10P-Q The early Miocene age of CTA-63 is mostly constrained by its rodent assemblage, with the octodontoid Protadelphomys sp. (Colhuehuapian SALMA; Vucetich and Bond, 2013;Arnal et al, 2014) and a relatively low-crowned dinomyid comparable to Scleromys quadrangulatus from Patagonia and Peruvian Amazonia (post-Colhuehuapian/preSantacrucian 'Pinturan' stage; Kramarz, 2006;Marivaux et al, 2012). The glyptodontid Parapropalaehoplophorus sp.…”

Revised stratigraphy of Neogene strata in the Cocinetas Basin, La Guajira, Colombia

“…10) although it is a vast territory (twice the area of continental Europe) with high levels of biodiversity. Sites include the Early Miocene terrestrial deposits of the Panamanian isthmus (MacFadden 2006a(MacFadden , b, 2009(MacFadden , 2010MacFadden and Higgins 2004;Rincon et al 2012;Whitmore Stewart 1965); the Middle Miocene deposits from La Venta (Kay et al 1997); the Late Miocene vertebrate deposits from Acre (Cozzuol, 2006;Frailey 1986;Negri et al 2010;Ribeiro et al 2013), the Early to Late Miocene deposits in the Peruvian Amazon (Antoine et al 2007(Antoine et al , 2013Marivaux et al 2012;Negri et al 2010;Tejada-Lara et al 2014), and the Late Miocene (*6-10 Ma) and Pliocene (2-4 Ma) deposits of the Urumaco sequence, in particular the Urumaco, Codore, and San Gregorio Formations in north western Venezuela (e.g., Aguilera 2004; Aguilera and Rodriguez de Aguilera 2001;Forasiepi et al 2014;Head et al 2006;Linares 2004;Quiroz and Jaramillo 2010;Sánchez-Villagra and Aguilera 2006;Sánchez-Villagra et al 2003;Sánchez-Villagra and Clack 2004;Vucetich et al 2010;Winkler and Sánchez-Villagra 2006) (Fig. 10).…”

Preface: La Guajira, Colombia: a new window into the Cenozoic neotropical biodiversity and the Great American Biotic Interchange

“…In addition, there has been a lack of both geological and paleontological research, given the poor economical and political situations of the countries located on the tropical belt, considerably restricting field opportunities. Consequently, only five Neogene faunal assemblages have been studied in detail in the tropical Americas: the Early Miocene terrestrial deposits of the Panamanian isthmus (Whitmore and Stewart 1965;MacFadden 2004MacFadden , 2006MacFadden , 2010Rincon et al 2012), the Middle Miocene deposits from La Venta in Colombia (Kay et al 1997), the Late Miocene vertebrate deposits from Acre in Brazil (Cozzuol 2006), the Early to Late Miocene deposits in the Peruvian Amazon (Marivaux et al 2012;Antoine et al 2013;Tejada-Lara et al 2014), and the Late Miocene and Pliocene deposits of the Urumaco sequence in northwestern Venezuela (Linares 2004;Quiroz and Jaramillo 2010;Sanchez-Villagra and Aguilera 2006;Sánchez-Villagra 2006;Sanchez-Villagra and Clack 2004).…”