A Plasmodesmata-Localized Protein Mediates Crosstalk between Cell-to-Cell Communication and Innate Immunity in<i>Arabidopsis</i>

Lee, Jinkee; Wang, Xu; Cui, Weier; Sager, Ross; Modla, Shannon; Czymmek, Kirk; Zybaliov, Boris; Wijk, Klaas J. van; Zhang, Chong; Lu, Hua; Lakshmanan, Venkatachalam

doi:10.1105/tpc.111.087742

Cited by 254 publications

(284 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…For instance, it is now clear that plasmodesmata dynamically regulate cell‐to‐cell connectivity during developmental transitions and in response to environmental change, e.g. the down‐regulation of plasmodesmal flux is an essential defence response following pathogen attack (Lee et al ., 2011; Faulkner et al ., 2013). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A calmodulin‐like protein regulates plasmodesmal closure during bacterial immune responses

et al. 2017

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Summary Plants sense microbial signatures via activation of pattern recognition receptors (PPRs), which trigger a range of cellular defences. One response is the closure of plasmodesmata, which reduces symplastic connectivity and the capacity for direct molecular exchange between host cells.Plasmodesmal flux is regulated by a variety of environmental cues but the downstream signalling pathways are poorly defined, especially the way in which calcium regulates plasmodesmal closure.Here, we identify that closure of plasmodesmata in response to bacterial flagellin, but not fungal chitin, is mediated by a plasmodesmal‐localized Ca2+‐binding protein Calmodulin‐like 41 (CML41). CML41 is transcriptionally upregulated by flg22 and facilitates rapid callose deposition at plasmodesmata following flg22 treatment. CML41 acts independently of other defence responses triggered by flg22 perception and reduces bacterial infection.We propose that CML41 enables Ca2+‐signalling specificity during bacterial pathogen attack and is required for a complete defence response against Pseudomonas syringae.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A calmodulin‐like protein regulates plasmodesmal closure during bacterial immune responses

et al. 2017

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“…A proposed model for GSD1 modulation of PD permeability. GSD1 encodes a PM protein, remorin, which is colocalized in PD with PD-specific proteins: GPI-anchored callose binding protein PDCB1, which is located at the neck region of PD (Simpson et al, 2009); and PD-located proteins PDLP1 and PDLP5 (Thomas et al, 2008;Lee et al, 2011). GSD1 interacts with OsACT1, which is associated with the desmotubule structure in PD.…”

Section: Soluble Sugar Analysis and Starch Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grain setting defect1, Encoding a Remorin Protein, Affects the Grain Setting in Rice through Regulating Plasmodesmatal Conductance

et al. 2014

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Effective grain filling is one of the key determinants of grain setting in rice (Oryza sativa). Grain setting defect1 (GSD1), which encodes a putative remorin protein, was found to affect grain setting in rice. Investigation of the phenotype of a transfer DNA insertion mutant (gsd1-Dominant) with enhanced GSD1 expression revealed abnormalities including a reduced grain setting rate, accumulation of carbohydrates in leaves, and lower soluble sugar content in the phloem exudates. GSD1 was found to be specifically expressed in the plasma membrane and plasmodesmata (PD) of phloem companion cells. Experimental evidence suggests that the phenotype of the gsd1-Dominant mutant is caused by defects in the grain-filling process as a result of the impaired transport of carbohydrates from the photosynthetic site to the phloem. GSD1 functioned in affecting PD conductance by interacting with rice ACTIN1 in association with the PD callose binding protein1. Together, our results suggest that GSD1 may play a role in regulating photoassimilate translocation through the symplastic pathway to impact grain setting in rice.

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“…Although it is well-established that viruses move through PD to facilitate invasion of host cells and tissues (14,15), little is known about the role PD play in infections by other biotic pathogens. The PD protein PLASMODESMATA LOCATED PROTEIN 5 (PDLP5) was recently found to be required for resistance against Pseudomonas maculicola and to be associated with the deposition of callose at PD in this context (16). Also, in the interaction between rice cells and the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, invasion hyphae seek out PD as sites to cross the cell wall (17), and the effector PWL2 moves from cell-to-cell ahead of the infection front (18).…”

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confidence: 99%

LYM2-dependent chitin perception limits molecular flux via plasmodesmata

Faulkner

Petutschnig

Benitez‐Alfonso

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

250

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Chitin acts as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern from fungal pathogens whose perception triggers a range of defense responses. We show that LYSIN MOTIF DOMAIN-CONTAINING GLY-COSYLPHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL-ANCHORED PROTEIN 2 (LYM2), the Arabidopsis homolog of a rice chitin receptor-like protein, mediates a reduction in molecular flux via plasmodesmata in the presence of chitin. For this response, lym2-1 mutants are insensitive to the presence of chitin, but not to the flagellin derivative flg22. Surprisingly, the chitin-recognition receptor CHITIN ELCITOR RE-CEPTOR KINASE 1 (CERK1) is not required for chitin-induced changes to plasmodesmata flux, suggesting that there are at least two chitin-activated response pathways in Arabidopsis and that LYM2 is not required for CERK1-mediated chitin-triggered defense responses, indicating that these pathways are independent. In accordance with a role in the regulation of intercellular flux, LYM2 is resident at the plasma membrane and is enriched at plasmodesmata. Chitin-triggered regulation of molecular flux between cells is required for defense responses against the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea, and thus we conclude that the regulation of symplastic continuity and molecular flux between cells is a vital component of chitin-triggered immunity in Arabidopsis.PAMP-triggered immunity | cell-to-cell communication

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A Plasmodesmata-Localized Protein Mediates Crosstalk between Cell-to-Cell Communication and Innate Immunity inArabidopsis

Cited by 254 publications

References 92 publications

A calmodulin‐like protein regulates plasmodesmal closure during bacterial immune responses

A calmodulin‐like protein regulates plasmodesmal closure during bacterial immune responses

Grain setting defect1, Encoding a Remorin Protein, Affects the Grain Setting in Rice through Regulating Plasmodesmatal Conductance

LYM2-dependent chitin perception limits molecular flux via plasmodesmata

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