A phenol-formaldehyde polymeric network to generate organic aerogels: synthesis, physicochemical characteristics and potential applications

Zubyk, Halyna; Mykhailiv, Olena; Papathanassiou, A. N.; Sulikowski, Bogdan; Zambrzycka-Szelewa, Elżbieta; Bratychak, Michael; Płońska‐Brzezińska, Marta E.

doi:10.1039/c7ta08814k

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…High selectivity and response toward formaldehyde, well-known as a highly toxic and carcinogenic indoor pollutant, are highly desired, and thus, formaldehyde sensors have been vigorously developed in recent years. − Herein, for the first time, the formaldehyde-sensing properties of Cd–Ga spinel oxide including CdO/Ga-rich CGO, Ga-rich CGO, and stoichiometric CGO were investigated. Detailed fabrication and measurement procedures for sensors based on these metal oxides are described in the Experimental Section.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Well-Tuned Surface Oxygen Chemistry of Cation Off-Stoichiometric Spinel Oxides for Highly Selective and Sensitive Formaldehyde Detection

Chen

Sun

et al. 2018

Chem. Mater.

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Surface oxygen chemistry of semiconductor metal oxides is the basis for the sensing reaction between the preadsorbed surface oxygen and the target gases or organic vapors that are to be detected, and thus fundamentally determines their sensing performances. Herein, we, for the first time, identify a novel semiconductor spinel oxide, CdGa 2 O 4 , that has suitable surface oxygen chemistry and exhibits excellent selectivity and response toward formaldehyde. Moreover, we find that a cation offstoichiometric CdGa 2 O 4 spinel oxide decorated with a small amount of CdO nanocrystals can further improve the formaldehyde response, without losing the selectivity. This is based on the advantages of an increased amount of adsorbed oxygen in the Ga-rich environment, as well as heterojunctions between CdO nanoparticles and Ga-rich spinel oxide. Sensing performance (e.g., selectivity and response) of the material is much better than that of most reported nanostructured metal oxides used for formaldehyde detection. Our findings propose a general approach for achieving highly selective and sensitive detection of target gases by optimizing the surface oxygen property of semiconductor oxides.

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Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(c) Comparison of formaldehyde responses between previously reported results and the current work. The cited refs − in part c are all provided in the Supporting Information.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Well-Tuned Surface Oxygen Chemistry of Cation Off-Stoichiometric Spinel Oxides for Highly Selective and Sensitive Formaldehyde Detection

Chen

Sun

et al. 2018

Chem. Mater.

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“…Phenol has been identified as a promising candidate for synthesizing CXs at a lower cost. [44][45][46][47][48][49][50] DOI: 10.1002/ente.202000918…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐Cost Carbon Xerogels Derived from Phenol–Formaldehyde Resin for Organic Electric Double‐Layer Capacitors

et al. 2021

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In this study, low‐cost carbon xerogels (CXs) are successfully prepared by condensation of phenol and formaldehyde and applied to electrode materials for organic electric double‐layer capacitors (EDLCs). Condensation of resorcinol and formaldehyde is the most commonly used method for the synthesis of CXs because although resorcinol is more expensive than phenol, it has better reactivity with formaldehyde. For this reason, research on the synthesis of CXs derived from phenol–formaldehyde resin is potentially useful for decreasing CX cost. Thus, CXs are synthesized using phenol and formaldehyde while gradually increasing the amount of the catalyst to increase the reactivity between the two compounds. Through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherm analysis, successful synthesis of phenol–formaldehyde CXs is confirmed and it is found that a CX prepared with a phenol‐to‐catalyst molar ratio of 50 (PC_50) exhibits the largest surface area among the prepared CXs. Moreover, PC_50 shows good electrochemical performance as an electrode material for organic EDLCs due to its large surface area. In summary, a low‐cost CX with a large surface area and good electrochemical performance is successfully synthesized as an electrode for EDLCs using a phenol precursor, which offers greater cost efficiency compared to resorcinol.

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“…At the Department of Chemical Technology of Oil and Gas Processing, Lviv Polytechnic National University, the possibility of using modified phenolformaldehyde resin (PFR) as additives to petroleum bitumen was trailed [13][14][15][16]. These studies show that the said resin has proved to improve a range of performance characteristics of bitumens, most notably, the adhesion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Mathematical Model and Identification of Optimal Conditions to Obtain Phenol-Cresol-Formaldehyde Resin

Pyshyev¹,

Demchuk²,

Gunka³

et al. 2019

ChChT

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1 The effect of factors on the process of obtaining phenol-cresol-formaldehyde resin (PhCR-F) has been studied. By using empirical evidence, the adequate experimental statistical-mathematical (ESM) model has been developed. Based on this model, the optimal values of the process factors for obtaining PhCR-F have been identified, bringing about both high yield and softening point of the resin. Data predicted on the basis of the ESM model were compared with empirical evidence about PhCR-F preparation.Анотація. Досліджено вплив чинників на перебіг процесу одержання феноло-крезоло-формальдегідної смоли (PhCR-F). З використанням практичних даних розроблено адекватну експериментально-статистичну математичну (ЕСМ) модель. На її основі встановлено оптимальні значення чинників процесу одержання PhCR-F, які забезпечують високі вихід і температуру розм'якшення смоли. Порівняно прогнозовані на основі ЕСМ та практичні дані процесу одержання PhCR-F.Ключові слова: феноло-крезоло-формальдегідна смола, оптимальні умови, експериментально-статистична математична модель, модифікатор, бітум.

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A phenol-formaldehyde polymeric network to generate organic aerogels: synthesis, physicochemical characteristics and potential applications

Abstract: Two phenol-formaldehyde organic aerogels were prepared and applied for efficient Cu(ii) and Mn(ii) ion, organic solvent and dye removal from water sources.

Cited by 20 publications

References 66 publications

Well-Tuned Surface Oxygen Chemistry of Cation Off-Stoichiometric Spinel Oxides for Highly Selective and Sensitive Formaldehyde Detection

Well-Tuned Surface Oxygen Chemistry of Cation Off-Stoichiometric Spinel Oxides for Highly Selective and Sensitive Formaldehyde Detection

Low‐Cost Carbon Xerogels Derived from Phenol–Formaldehyde Resin for Organic Electric Double‐Layer Capacitors

Development of Mathematical Model and Identification of Optimal Conditions to Obtain Phenol-Cresol-Formaldehyde Resin

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