A pharmacological analysis of stimulant-induced increases in smoking

Abstract

The results of this experiment are consistent with the notion that stimulant-induced increases in smoking may result from an additive or synergistic effect of these drugs and nicotine on dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens or striatum. Additional research is needed to more fully understand the pharmacological mechanisms that mediate the relationship between stimulant use and smoking.

Methylphenidate Increases Choice of Cigarettes Over Money

“…The finding that methylphenidate increased a number of smokingrelated outcomes in the present experiment is concordant with results of previously published research (Cousins et al, 2001;Henningfield & Griffiths, 1981;Rush et al, 2005;Schuster et al, 1979;Sigmon et al, 2003;Stoops et al, 2008;Tidey et al, 2000;Vansickel et al, 2007Vansickel et al, , 2009. Importantly, the results of the present experiment indicate that methylphenidate increased choice of cigarettes relative to money, which extends previous findings with d-amphetamine (Sigmon et al, 2003;Tidey et al, 2000).…”

“…The results also indicate that methylphenidate decreased caloric intake during sessions, which is concordant with previous findings from our laboratory Stoops et al, 2008;Vansickel et al, 2007Vansickel et al, , 2009. While subjects were not required to choose between food and money (i.e., the reinforcing effects of food were not being tested), these results further support the notion that methylphenidate-induced increases in intake appear specific to cigarette smoking and are not due to an increase in overall behavior or activity.…”

Methylphenidate Increases Choice of Cigarettes Over Money

“…The finding that methylphenidate increased a number of smokingrelated outcomes in the present experiment is concordant with results of previously published research (Cousins et al, 2001;Henningfield & Griffiths, 1981;Rush et al, 2005;Schuster et al, 1979;Sigmon et al, 2003;Stoops et al, 2008;Tidey et al, 2000;Vansickel et al, 2007Vansickel et al, , 2009. Importantly, the results of the present experiment indicate that methylphenidate increased choice of cigarettes relative to money, which extends previous findings with d-amphetamine (Sigmon et al, 2003;Tidey et al, 2000).…”

“…The results also indicate that methylphenidate decreased caloric intake during sessions, which is concordant with previous findings from our laboratory Stoops et al, 2008;Vansickel et al, 2007Vansickel et al, , 2009. While subjects were not required to choose between food and money (i.e., the reinforcing effects of food were not being tested), these results further support the notion that methylphenidate-induced increases in intake appear specific to cigarette smoking and are not due to an increase in overall behavior or activity.…”

Methylphenidate increases cigarette smoking in participants with ADHD

“…This questionnaire poses such questions as, “Did you enjoy your cigarettes more than usual during today’s session?” Again, this finding is similar to findings from previous studies that used the same questionnaire (Vansickel et al 2007, 2009). While subjective ratings are not considered a direct measure of reinforcement, they often align with behavioral measures of reinforcement.…”

“…Similar to previous findings, methylphenidate also decreased caloric intake (Rush et al 2005; Vansickel et al 2007, 2009). This finding is consistent with the notion that dopaminergic mechanisms regulate appetite and eating (Berridge 1996; Leddy et al 2004).…”

“…Despite these limitations, findings from this study are consistent with results of previous studies, suggesting that acute methylphenidate administration increases cigarette smoking and decreases caloric intake in both non-ADHD and ADHD adults alike (Rush et al 2005; Stoops et al 2011; Vansickel et al 2007, 2009). The true impact that methylphenidate might have on smoking and subsequent health of adults with ADHD that smoke and are maintained on methylphenidate cannot be fully determined from the results of this study, however.…”

Methylphenidate Increases Choice of Cigarettes Over Money

“…The finding that methylphenidate increased a number of smokingrelated outcomes in the present experiment is concordant with results of previously published research (Cousins et al, 2001;Henningfield & Griffiths, 1981;Rush et al, 2005;Schuster et al, 1979;Sigmon et al, 2003;Stoops et al, 2008;Tidey et al, 2000;Vansickel et al, 2007Vansickel et al, , 2009. Importantly, the results of the present experiment indicate that methylphenidate increased choice of cigarettes relative to money, which extends previous findings with d-amphetamine (Sigmon et al, 2003;Tidey et al, 2000).…”

“…The results also indicate that methylphenidate decreased caloric intake during sessions, which is concordant with previous findings from our laboratory Stoops et al, 2008;Vansickel et al, 2007Vansickel et al, , 2009. While subjects were not required to choose between food and money (i.e., the reinforcing effects of food were not being tested), these results further support the notion that methylphenidate-induced increases in intake appear specific to cigarette smoking and are not due to an increase in overall behavior or activity.…”

Methylphenidate increases cigarette smoking in participants with ADHD

“…This questionnaire poses such questions as, “Did you enjoy your cigarettes more than usual during today’s session?” Again, this finding is similar to findings from previous studies that used the same questionnaire (Vansickel et al 2007, 2009). While subjective ratings are not considered a direct measure of reinforcement, they often align with behavioral measures of reinforcement.…”

“…Similar to previous findings, methylphenidate also decreased caloric intake (Rush et al 2005; Vansickel et al 2007, 2009). This finding is consistent with the notion that dopaminergic mechanisms regulate appetite and eating (Berridge 1996; Leddy et al 2004).…”

“…Despite these limitations, findings from this study are consistent with results of previous studies, suggesting that acute methylphenidate administration increases cigarette smoking and decreases caloric intake in both non-ADHD and ADHD adults alike (Rush et al 2005; Stoops et al 2011; Vansickel et al 2007, 2009). The true impact that methylphenidate might have on smoking and subsequent health of adults with ADHD that smoke and are maintained on methylphenidate cannot be fully determined from the results of this study, however.…”

Methylphenidate Increases Choice of Cigarettes Over Money

“…The finding that methylphenidate increased a number of smokingrelated outcomes in the present experiment is concordant with results of previously published research (Cousins et al, 2001;Henningfield & Griffiths, 1981;Rush et al, 2005;Schuster et al, 1979;Sigmon et al, 2003;Stoops et al, 2008;Tidey et al, 2000;Vansickel et al, 2007Vansickel et al, , 2009. Importantly, the results of the present experiment indicate that methylphenidate increased choice of cigarettes relative to money, which extends previous findings with d-amphetamine (Sigmon et al, 2003;Tidey et al, 2000).…”

“…The results also indicate that methylphenidate decreased caloric intake during sessions, which is concordant with previous findings from our laboratory Stoops et al, 2008;Vansickel et al, 2007Vansickel et al, , 2009. While subjects were not required to choose between food and money (i.e., the reinforcing effects of food were not being tested), these results further support the notion that methylphenidate-induced increases in intake appear specific to cigarette smoking and are not due to an increase in overall behavior or activity.…”

Methylphenidate increases cigarette smoking in participants with ADHD

“…This questionnaire poses such questions as, “Did you enjoy your cigarettes more than usual during today’s session?” Again, this finding is similar to findings from previous studies that used the same questionnaire (Vansickel et al 2007, 2009). While subjective ratings are not considered a direct measure of reinforcement, they often align with behavioral measures of reinforcement.…”

“…Similar to previous findings, methylphenidate also decreased caloric intake (Rush et al 2005; Vansickel et al 2007, 2009). This finding is consistent with the notion that dopaminergic mechanisms regulate appetite and eating (Berridge 1996; Leddy et al 2004).…”

“…Despite these limitations, findings from this study are consistent with results of previous studies, suggesting that acute methylphenidate administration increases cigarette smoking and decreases caloric intake in both non-ADHD and ADHD adults alike (Rush et al 2005; Stoops et al 2011; Vansickel et al 2007, 2009). The true impact that methylphenidate might have on smoking and subsequent health of adults with ADHD that smoke and are maintained on methylphenidate cannot be fully determined from the results of this study, however.…”