A PCR marker for detection in surface waters of faecal pollution derived from ducks

Devane, Megan L.; Robson, Beth; Nourozi, F.; Scholes, Paula; Gilpin, Brent

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2007.06.043

Cited by 29 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Duck marker DE2 marker has been previously been identified in 76% of duck faecal samples, 20% of swan faecal samples and 15% of Canadian geese faecal samples, whereas limited cross-reactivity with goats has also been identified (Devane et al 2007). …”

Section: Marker Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three additional human markers included the Enterococcus faecium esp gene (HEnt) (Scott et al 2005), human Methanobrevibacter smithii nifH gene (HMbb) (Ufnar et al 2006) and human polyomaviruses (HPyV), JCV and BKV (McQuaig et al 2006). We also tested for the presence of contamination by birds using a gull-associated marker Catellicoccus marimammalium (GCma) (Lu et al 2008) and a duckand other wildfowl-associated marker (DE2) designated as E2 in Devane et al (2007). Validation of the HEnt marker was conducted on a limited array of faecal samples and validation of the DE2 marker was not conducted, since development and validation of this marker was conducted previously in New Zealand (Devane et al 2007).…”

Section: Pcr Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We also tested for the presence of contamination by birds using a gull-associated marker Catellicoccus marimammalium (GCma) (Lu et al 2008) and a duckand other wildfowl-associated marker (DE2) designated as E2 in Devane et al (2007). Validation of the HEnt marker was conducted on a limited array of faecal samples and validation of the DE2 marker was not conducted, since development and validation of this marker was conducted previously in New Zealand (Devane et al 2007).…”

Section: Pcr Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ideally, library-independent markers could be used at any location without a need for them to be locally verified; however, in reality, the distribution of currently used MST markers in various host species worldwide is not sufficiently characterised to deploy the markers without local validation (Stoeckel & Harwood 2007). The use of library-independent MST methods in validation and field studies has become increasingly popular and widely applied overseas (McQuaig et al 2006;Brownell et al 2007;Okabe et al 2007;Ahmed et al 2008aAhmed et al , 2008bMcQuaig et al 2009); however, their application in New Zealand has been limited (Gilpin et al 2008;Devane et al 2007). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the indicator microbe targeted should be incapable of growing or persisting long-term once outside the host organism, which is not the case for conventional indicator organisms such as E. coli and the enterococci (Aarestrup et al 2002;Ishii et al 2006Ishii et al , 2007Jiang et al 2007;Haller et al 2009;Yamahara et al 2009). In this study, we evaluate and apply eight MST markers based on end-point PCR assays, including: (1) a generic Bacteroidales marker (abbreviated GBac), used for confirming the presence of faecal contamination (Bernhard & Field 2000a); (2) a Bacteroidales marker, used for identifying contaminants from ruminant animals (abbreviated RBac) (Bernhard & Field 2000b); (3) an E2 marker related to Desulfovibrio (abbreviated DE2), commonly associated with ducks and other wildfowl (Devane et al 2007); (4) a seagull-associated marker (abbreviated GCma), targeting 16S rRNA gene of Catelicoccus marimammalium ( Lu et al 2008); and (5) a suite of four different markers intended to be specific for human derived contamination, including a human-specific Bacteroidales marker (abbreviated HBac) (Bernhard & Field 2000b), the Enterococcus faecium esp gene (abbreviated HEnt) (Scott et al 2005), the Methanobrevibacter smithii nifH gene (abbreviated HMbb) (Ufnar et al 2006;Harwood et al 2009) and a marker for human polyomaviruses JCV and BKV (abbreviated HPyV) (McQuaig et al 2009). While these markers have been validated in several studies conducted in the USA, Australia and Europe, they have not been widely applied in New Zealand.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Source tracking faecal contamination in an urbanised and a rural waterway in the Nelson-Tasman region, New Zealand

Kirs

Harwood

Fidler

et al. 2011

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

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Microbial contamination of New Zealand's rivers, lakes and coastal waters can pose a risk to human health through both recreational contact and the consumption of contaminated shellfish. Microbial source tracking (MST) methods provide a means to identify potential contaminant sources, which can lead to high faecal indicator bacteria concentrations and elevated human health risk because of associated pathogens. Eight MST markers, including general, ruminant and human-associated Bacteroidales markers, a duck-associated E2 marker, a gull-associated Catellicoccus marimammalium marker and three additional human markers [Enterococcus faecium esp gene, Methanobrevibacter smithii nifH gene, and human polyomaviruses (HPyVs)] were tested for host specificity and sensitivity using an array of animal faecal samples of known origin and wastewater samples. The cross-reactivity identified for some of the markers, although limited, signals a need to validate overseas markers further in New Zealand before employing them in field studies. Application of MST markers on water samples collected from an urbanised section of the Maitai River (Nelson, New Zealand) identified the presence of faecal contamination originating from humans, ruminants and birds. Human faecal contamination was present in the lower section of the Matai River, and in stormwater drains entering the river, in association with elevated faecal coliform concentrations. Application of the markers to the rural Little Sydney Stream (near Motueka, Tasman district, NZ) identified faecal contamination derived from ruminants, which is consistent with the agricultural (pasture) use of the catchment. This study indicates that some of the markers developed overseas can be used effectively to track sources of microbial contamination in New Zealand watersheds.

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Section: Marker Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pcr Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pcr Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Source tracking faecal contamination in an urbanised and a rural waterway in the Nelson-Tasman region, New Zealand

Kirs

Harwood

Fidler

et al. 2011

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

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Source Tracking in Australia and New Zealand: Case Studies

Ahmed

Kirs²,

Gilpin³

2011

Microbial Source Tracking: Methods, Applications, and Case Studies

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State of the art molecular markers for fecal pollution source tracking in water

Roslev

Bukh

2011

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

104

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Most environmental waters are susceptible to fecal contamination from animal and/or human pollution sources. To attenuate or eliminate such contamination, it is often critical that the pollution sources are rapidly and correctly identified. Fecal pollution source tracking (FST) is a promising research area that aims to identify the origin(s) of fecal pollution in water. This mini-review focuses on the potentials and limitations of library independent molecular markers that are exclusively or strongly associated with fecal pollution from humans and different animals. Fecal-source-associated molecular markers include nucleic acid sequences from prokaryotes and viruses associated with specific biological hosts, but also sequences such as mitochondrial DNA retrieved directly from humans and animals. However, some fecal-source-associated markers may not be absolutely specific for a given source type, and apparent specificity and frequency established in early studies are sometimes compromised by new studies suggesting variation in specificity and abundance on a regional, global and/or temporal scale. It is therefore recommended that FST studies are based on carefully selected arrays of markers, and that identification of human and animal contributions are based on a multi-marker toolkit with several markers for each source category. Furthermore, future FST studies should benefit from increased knowledge regarding sampling strategies and temporal and spatial variability of marker ratios. It will also be important to obtain a better understanding of marker persistence and the quantitative relationship between marker abundance and the relative contribution from individual fecal pollution source types. A combination of enhanced pathogen screening methods, and validated quantitative source tracking techniques could then contribute significantly to future management of environmental water quality including improved microbial risk assessment.

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A PCR marker for detection in surface waters of faecal pollution derived from ducks

Cited by 29 publications

References 25 publications

Source tracking faecal contamination in an urbanised and a rural waterway in the Nelson-Tasman region, New Zealand

Source tracking faecal contamination in an urbanised and a rural waterway in the Nelson-Tasman region, New Zealand

Source Tracking in Australia and New Zealand: Case Studies

State of the art molecular markers for fecal pollution source tracking in water

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