“…Despite some previous potential drawbacks on the use of soil for eDNA (Harrison et al, 2019;Prosser & Hedgpeth, 2018;Taberlet et al, 2018;Valentin et al, 2021), it was the dominant used matrix with 19 mentions, followed by faecal material with 13 mentions (i.e., dung, guano), plant material with eight mentions (flowers, litter or directly the plants) and arthropod material (honey, spider webs, honeydew, etc.). A methodological path that seems promising is the use of water or other liquid solutions as physiological serum with other media, such as vegetation (washed fruits [Valentin et al, 2018[Valentin et al, , 2020 or leaves with rain [Macher et al, 2023]) or in non-destructive DNA collection devices (Leandro et al, 2021: their 'Non Destructive Collector' (NDC) device imitates a small pond). Although water is an environmental matrix that comes with its own particular challenges for eDNA studies (Hinlo et al, 2017;Majaneva et al, 2018), it is a collecting substance that can help bypass the homogenization problem of terrestrial matrices such as soil, litter or vegetation, where vertical stratification or the use by targeted taxa might render the localization of DNA more random (Barnes & Turner, 2016).…”