A Novel Load Cell-Supported Research Platform to Measure Vertical and Horizontal Motion of a Horse's Centre of Mass During Trailer Transport

Colborne, GR; Tang, Liqiong; Adams, Brooke R.; Gordon, Brooke I; McCabe, Bridie E; Riley, Christopher B.

doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103408

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…For these reasons, vibrations have a considerable potential to alter animal welfare status (Reynolds et al., 2019). Vibratory movement (Colborne et al., 2021) has a direction (generally in three planes) (Figure 8), a magnitude (how far) and a velocity (how quickly – what rate).…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…type of driving licence) are important factors associated with transport‐related injuries in horses. Driving skills are crucial for balancing in horses and other animals (Cockram et al., 2004; Colborne et al., 2021). –PRE: Horses should be transported by people with specialised horse driving experience and knowledge.…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…type of driving licence) are important factors associated with transport-related injuries in horses. Driving skills are crucial for balancing in horses and other animals (Cockram et al, 2004;Colborne et al, 2021).…”

Section: Iii) Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Welfare of equidae during transport

Nielsen¹,

Álvarez²,

Bicout³

et al. 2022

EFS2

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In the framework of its Farm to Fork Strategy, the Commission is undertaking a comprehensive evaluation of animal welfare legislation. This opinion deals with the protection of horses and donkeys during transport. While the opinion focuses primarily on road transport of horses, there are specific sections dealing with the transport of horses on roll-on-roll-off ferries, horses transported by air and the transport of donkeys. In addition, the opinion covers welfare concerns in relation to a specific scenario identified by the European Commission related to the transport of horses on long journeys to slaughterhouses. Current practices related to transport of horses during the different stages (preparation, loading and unloading, transit and the journey breaks) are described. Overall, 13 welfare consequences were identified as being highly relevant for the welfare of horses during transport based on severity, duration and frequency of occurrence: gastro-enteric disorders, handling stress, heat stress, injuries, isolation stress, motion stress, prolonged hunger, prolonged thirst, respiratory disorders, resting problems, restriction of movement, sensory overstimulation and separation stress. These welfare consequences and their animal-based measures are described. A variety of hazards were identified related to factors such as inexperienced/untrained handlers, lack of horse training, structural deficiencies of vehicles/facilities, poor driving skills/conditions, horse separation/regrouping, unfavourable microclimatic and environmental conditions and poor husbandry practices. The opinion contains general and specific conclusions in relation to the different stages of transport. Recommendations to prevent hazards and correct or mitigate welfare consequences have been developed. Recommendations were also developed to define quantitative thresholds for microclimatic conditions within the means of transport and for space allowance. The development of welfare consequences over time was assessed in relation to maximum journey time.

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Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Welfare of equidae during transport

Nielsen¹,

Álvarez²,

Bicout³

et al. 2022

EFS2

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“…These findings are counterintuitive and difficult to explain. However, little research has been conducted into transport vehicle designs that prioritise equine welfare over cost and human convenience [14,40]. Shavings and sawdust are often used to cover the floor in non-commercial vehicles to absorb faecal moisture and urine; much like the same materials are used in stables.…”

Section: Variables Associated With Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey-Based Analysis of Injuries to Horses Associated with Transport by Road in New Zealand

Riley

Rogers

Thompson

et al. 2022

Animals

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Negative outcomes associated with the road transport of horses are a significant welfare issue. This study aimed to describe the injuries sustained by horses during road transport in New Zealand and factors associated with trauma while in transit. New Zealand horse industry participants were surveyed on their horse transport experiences and equine industry involvement. Participants were solicited through horse organisations. The data were tabulated, and a logistic regression was performed to identify significant (p < 0.05) factors associated with transport-related injury. In total, 201/1133 (17.7%/2 years) eligible surveys reported at least one horse injured during road transport. Most incidents occurred in transit (137/169; 81%), or when transported with one (76/193; 39.4%) or more (41/193; 21.2%) other horses. Most commonly, the hindlimbs, the head, or the forelimbs were injured (59.1%; 110/186 horses), ranging in severity from bruises to catastrophic orthopaedic trauma necessitating euthanasia. Eventing, not always checking horses’ fitness for transport, using a tail guard or bandage, a stallion guard in the vehicle, bedding type on the floor, and behavioural problems were associated with injuries. This survey identified a significant incidence of injury and related death when horses are transported by road in New Zealand, and the key risk factors associated with the odds of injury.

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“…Restraining the horse without allowing it to keep its head low is associated with the increase in respiratory infections (Stull and Rodiek, 2002). During transport, the horses try to gain balance in the presence of changes in speed and direction, moving their head and legs quickly, which can cause leg wounds as they lose their balance when the vehicle stops, turns or accelerates abruptly; the noise and other factors also stress them, so it is very important to have an adequate design of the vehicles, since it is one of the highest risks (Colborne et al, 2021;Giovagnoli et al, 2002).…”

Section: Factors That Influence the Welfare Of Horses During Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Horses’ welfare during transport

Ortega Cerrilla,

Vázquez Díaz,

Bárcena Gama

et al. 2023

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Objective: To review the literature related to horses’ welfare during transport. Approach: Transporting horses is a common practice in the equine industry and obeys to different reasons and activities. Therefore, understanding the factors that intervene during transport and management of the horses is critical. Limitations on study/implications: Horses are the most transported animals globally, this being a very stressful event. Different factors affect their welfare during this process, such as the type of vehicle, the driver’s expertise, the length of the trip, the orientation of the animal in the vehicle, lesions and diseases. Conclusions: The factors involved in horses’ transport should be known and taken into account, to ensure the horses’ welfare.

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A Novel Load Cell-Supported Research Platform to Measure Vertical and Horizontal Motion of a Horse's Centre of Mass During Trailer Transport

Cited by 3 publications

References 13 publications

Welfare of equidae during transport

Welfare of equidae during transport

A Survey-Based Analysis of Injuries to Horses Associated with Transport by Road in New Zealand

Horses’ welfare during transport

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