“…In the present paper,t he ability of l-carnosine, hydralazine, pyridoxamine, and aminoguanidinet od osedependently inhibitt he protein carbonylation of ubiquitin induced by four different RCS-4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), methylglyoxal (MGO), glyoxal (GO), and malondialdehyde (MDA)-is compareda nd rationalizedi nt erms of density functional theory (DFT)-based quantum-mechanicald escriptors. The rationale of using ubiquitin as am odel protein wasr ecently described; [17,18] notably,t he lack of cysteine residues in the sequenceo fthis protein allows the observation of av ariety of RCS-derived modifications on different nucleophilicr esidues (i.e.,l ysine, arginine, and histidine), which would otherwise be maskedo rf lattened by the high reactivity of cysteine. [19] Moreover ac omprehensive study on the reaction products generated in vitro by the incubation of RCS and sequestering agents (as detected by high-resolutionm ass spectrometry,H RMS) is also provided,t ogether with the reaction mechanisms leading to their formation.…”