A Novel Electrochemical Sensor Based on Printex L6 Carbon Black Carrying CuO/Cu₂O Nanoparticles for Propylparaben Determination

Abstract

The paper reports the development of a new sensor based on Printex L6 (CPL6) carbon black modified with copper oxides (CuO/Cu2O) nanoparticles and its application towards the determination of Propylparaben (PP). In fact, it is the first report of its kind in the literature. The sensor was produced through the dispersion of CPL6 in dimethylformamide on glassy carbon electrode surface followed by CuO/Cu2O electrodeposition. The conditions of electrodeposition investigated included time and solution concentration of Cu (II). Morphological, structural and electrochemical characterizations of the sensor were performed. Under optimal conditions, wide linear range (1.0 to 35.0 μmol L−1) was obtained in the detection of PP. The detection limit obtained was 0.46 μmol L−1 (S/N=3). The CuO/Cu2O‐CPL6/GCE sensor was found to be as sensitive as the high performance liquid chromatography in the determination of PP in both cosmetic and river water samples, in addition to being reproducible and stable.

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“…However, for the chemical CuO-NPs, it is seen as a small peak was seen at 42.5° in the spectrum. This can be attributed to the presence of impurities, which is characteristic of Cu 2 O [ 55 , 56 ]. Moreover, the diffraction peaks of the biosynthesized CuO-NPs were sharp and well defined with high intensities, which indicates the good crystallinity.…”

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“…However, wet electrodes also have many disadvantages: a long-term preparation is required before use, and the pre-treatment steps include grinding the stratum corneum and hair removal, which will greatly increase the user's discomfort. Additionally, some ingredients, such as propylparaben, were pointed out as leading to the presence of parabens in breast cancer tumors, which is an endocrine disruptor due to its estrogenic effect [64]. Furthermore, if the distance between the electrodes is too close, the conductive paste will come into contact and lead to a short circuit [65,66].…”

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