A novel ejection protein from bacteriophage 80α that promotes lytic growth

Manning, Keith A.; Quiles-Puchalt, Nuria; Penadés, José R.; Dokland, Terje

doi:10.1016/j.virol.2018.09.025

Cited by 8 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(87 reference statements)

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“…3c , Supplementary Fig. 4 ) was consistent with examples from the literature [ 77 – 80 ], and could easily be differentiated from extracellular membrane vesicles (Supplementary Fig. 5 ).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 88%

Frequency of mispackaging of Prochlorococcus DNA by cyanophage

et al. 2020

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Prochlorococcus cells are the numerically dominant phototrophs in the open ocean. Cyanophages that infect them are a notable fraction of the total viral population in the euphotic zone, and, as vehicles of horizontal gene transfer, appear to drive their evolution. Here we examine the propensity of three cyanophages—a podovirus, a siphovirus, and a myovirus—to mispackage host DNA in their capsids while infecting Prochlorococcus, the first step in phage-mediated horizontal gene transfer. We find the mispackaging frequencies are distinctly different among the three phages. Myoviruses mispackage host DNA at low and seemingly fixed frequencies, while podo- and siphoviruses vary in their mispackaging frequencies by orders of magnitude depending on growth light intensity. We link this difference to the concentration of intracellular reactive oxygen species and protein synthesis rates, both parameters increasing in response to higher light intensity. Based on our findings, we propose a model of mispackaging frequency determined by the imbalance between the production of capsids and the number of phage genome copies during infection: when protein synthesis rate increase to levels that the phage cannot regulate, they lead to an accumulation of empty capsids, in turn triggering more frequent host DNA mispackaging errors.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 88%

Frequency of mispackaging of Prochlorococcus DNA by cyanophage

et al. 2020

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“…3C, Supplementary Fig. 3) was consistent with examples from the literature [73]- [76] , and could easily be differentiated from extracellular membrane vesicles ( Supplementary Fig. 4).…”

Section: Quantification Of Full and Empty Capsids Fractions In Cyanopsupporting

confidence: 88%

Frequency of mispackaging ofProchlorococcusDNA by cyanophage

Raho

Laurenceau

Forget

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Prochlorococcus cells are the numerically dominant phototrophs in the open ocean. Cyanophages that infect them are thus a notable fraction of the total viral population in the euphotic zone, and, as vehicles of horizontal gene transfer, appear to drive their evolution. Here we examine the propensity of three cyanophages -a podovirus, a siphovirus, and a myovirus -to mispackage host DNA in their capsids while infecting Prochlorococcus , the first step in phage-mediated horizontal gene transfer. We find the mispackaging frequencies are distinctly different among the three phages. Myoviruses mispackage host DNA at low and stable frequencies, while podo-and siphoviruses vary in their mispackaging frequencies by orders of magnitude depending on growth light intensity. We attribute this difference to the concentration of intracellular reactive oxygen species and protein synthesis rates. Based on our findings, we propose a model of mispackaging frequency determined by the imbalance between the production of capsids and the number of phage genome copies during infection. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONHost DNA mispackaging frequency in cyanophage capsids. Using six different loci on the Prochlorococcus MED4 chromosome (representative of the entire chromosome, see Table 3), we quantified the level of mispackaging of MED4 DNA in the capsids of the three different cyanophages (Fig. 1A, Table 2) during infection (Fig. 1B, C). The packaging strategy of the podovirus is T7-like [26] , the myovirus' is likely T4-like headful packaging [27] while the siphovirus' is unknown, but 490 bp direct terminal repeats suggest a T7-like packaging mechanism [28] . Host DNA was detected in the capsids of all 3 cyanophages (Fig. 1C). The levels of mispackaging are low compared to those reported for high transducing phages in S. aureus [29] for example, but comparable to levels (~10 PPM) reported for the marine Synechococcus cyanophage S-PM2 [30] . Corresponding gene Putative functionPrimer sequences (forward and reverse, 5'-3')

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“…Naturally, the pirate-helper interaction parameters vary depending on the combination. The frequency of lysogenization α H for phage 80α, a helper phage for SaPIs, was found to be quite low (10 −5 ∼ 10 −3 ) [37], which will change the outcome even if other parameters were identical. The frequency of lysogenization for helper phage α H may be selected mainly by the frequency of the host population collapse [38] or by competition with other temperate phages [29], independent of the interaction with the pirate phage, even though the value of α H do affect the outcome of the pirate-helper system strongly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

How pirate phage interferes with helper phage: Comparison of the two distinct strategies

Mitarai

2020

Journal of Theoretical Biology

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Pirate phages use the structural proteins encoded by unrelated helper phages to propagate. The best-studied example is the pirate P4 and helper P2 of coliphages, and it has been known that the Staphylococcus aureus pathogenicity islands (SaPIs) that can encode virulence factors act as pirate phages, too.When alone in the host, the pirate phages act as a prophage, but when the helper phage gene is also in the same host cell, the pirate phage has ability to exploit the helper phages structural proteins to produce pirate phage particles and spread, interfering with the helper phage production. The known helper phages in these systems are temperate phages. Interestingly, the interference of the pirate phage to the helper phage occurs in a different manner between the SaPI-helper system and the P4-P2 system. SaPIs cannot lyse a helper lysogen upon infection, while when a helper phage lyse a SaPI lysogen, most of the phage particles produced are the SaPI particles. On the contrary, in the P4-P2 system, a pirate phage P4 can lyse a helper P2 lysogen to produce mostly the P4 particles, while when P2 phage lyses a P4 lysogen, most of the produced phages are the P2 particles. Here, the consequences of these different strategies in the pirate and helper phage spreading among uninfected host is analyzed by using mathematical models. It is found that SaPI's strategy interferes with the helper phage spreading significantly more than the P4's strategy, because SaPI

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A novel ejection protein from bacteriophage 80α that promotes lytic growth

Cited by 8 publications

References 68 publications

Frequency of mispackaging of Prochlorococcus DNA by cyanophage

Frequency of mispackaging of Prochlorococcus DNA by cyanophage

Frequency of mispackaging ofProchlorococcusDNA by cyanophage

How pirate phage interferes with helper phage: Comparison of the two distinct strategies

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