A novel design strategy for triple-network structure hydrogels with high-strength, tough and self-healing properties

Synthesis of poly(acrylic acid)–Fe3+/gelatin/poly(vinyl alcohol) triple‐network supramolecular hydrogels with high toughness, high strength and self‐healing properties

“…This indicates that the incorporation of multiple‐network structures improves the viscoelasticity and stiffness of hydrogels. This is consistent with the results of Wang et al . and Engkagul et al ., which shows that a multi‐network crosslinked structure results in a substantial improvement in mechanical properties.…”

“…However, for hydrogels with higher Fe 3+ concentrations, the triple‐dentate coordination in the PAA–Fe 3+ network decreases. The ionic coordinates are more likely as bidentate coordinate and/or even monodentate coordinates, resulting in the lower crosslinking density of the hydrogels …”

Poly(vinyl alcohol)–Carbon Nanodots Fluorescent Hydrogel with Superior Mechanical Properties and Sensitive to Detection of Iron(III) Ions

“…The obtained fluorescent hydrogel has excellent self‐healing properties under the action of those forces, which can self‐healing without additional initiators. Moreover, the hydrogel has good mechanical properties due to the robust physical network formed by double cross‐linking of PVA and CNDs …”

Tough and recoverable triple‐network hydrogels based on multiple pairs of toughing mechanisms with excellent ionic conductivity as stable strain sensors

“…Recently, we and other researchers show that it is an efficient way to fabricate very tough and stable hydrogels by integrating multi‐bonds into multi‐network to dissipate energy and maintain elasticity . Tough and rapidly recoverable PAM/agar/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) triple‐network (TN) hydrogels were fabricated by introducing different bonds with various strength into TNs in different length scale of hydrogels .…”