Abstract:Objective: The technique of ureterorenoscopy has a significant learning curve. Cadavers embalmed by the Thiel method have been successfully used in simulation training for a number of surgical specialties, including urology. Here we present the first report to assess the plausibility of using Thiel cadavers in ureterorenoscopy simulation.
Materials and methods:The two day inaugural 'Masterclass in Flexible Ureterorenoscopy' was run with 6 participants performing semi-rigid and flexible ureterorenoscopy on three Thiel cadavers under the guidance of three experienced endourologists. A qualitative questionnaire was delivered to the participants and faculty. Three key domains were assessed, namely tissue characteristics (colour, consistency, vulnerability) of the cadaveric bladder, ureter and pelvicalyceal system, anatomical features and procedural aspects (quality of vision, irrigation, scope navigation). A five-point Likert score was used to assess responses.Data regarding the level of training and experience in endourology were also collected. Video recordings of the procedures were made. Results: 8 questionnaires were collected (5 delegates, 3 faculty). All participants completed cadaveric ureterorenoscopy using semi-rigid and flexible ureteroscopes.75% reported the overall quality of tissue in the cadaveric bladder, ureters and pelvicalyceal system as high or excellent. 50% reported the cadaveric bladder as being softer than in a live patient whilst five out of eight thought that the cadaveric ureter was softer and more prone to trauma. The same number also reported that the intramural ureter was somewhat stiffer than in live patients and that ureteric anatomical narrowings were preserved in the cadavers. Overall , the tissues were reported as being paler than in live patients. Four out of eight strongly agreed with overall quality of the cadaveric model, three agreed and one respondent remained neutral. The quality of vision and irrigation in the upper urinary tracts was reported as high.
Conclusions:Thiel cadavers have been shown to have excellent tissue characteristics, as well as being durable and reusable, thereby improving their cost-effectiveness. We have described the first use of Thiel cadavers in a designated ureterorenoscopy course, with high levels of delegate satisfaction. Further work is required to develop the role of Thiel cadavers as part of integrated, modular urology training.