A novel approach for hazardous area identification of toxic gas leakage accidents on offshore facilities

Safety barrier performance assessment by integrating computational fluid dynamics and evacuation modeling for toxic gas leakage scenarios

“…where RT ESD is the response time of the ESD system, T D is the detection time of the ESD system, and T I is the time used to complete the isolation of the container. According to [3,70], RT ESD is regarded as 90 s (T D = 60 s and T I = 30 s). According to [14], the response time of an ammonia gas detection & alarm system is within 60 s at 160% concentration of an alarm set value.…”

“…Consequently, a time-varying leakage rate arises with the effects of ESD. The time-varying leakage rate after the activation of ESD can be calculated by referring to the method proposed by Yang et al [70]. By applying the time-varying leakage rate profile in CFD simulations, the intervention from ESD on the spatiotemporal concentration distribution of toxic gas and further on individual risks can be simulated and determined.…”

“…In terms of toxic gas leakage accidents, technical safety barriers such as emergency shutdown systems (ESD) and gas sensor detection are usually utilized [2,70]. Some attempts have already been made to conduct risk assessments of toxic or hazardous gas leakage accidents.…”

Dynamic resilience assessment and emergency strategy optimization of natural gas compartments in utility tunnels

“…Based on the national regulation (GB50838, 2015) and previous work (Cai et al, 2022), the air velocity of inlet (Eq.1) is set as 0.333 m/s and 0.667 m/s for normal ventilation and emergency ventilation, respectively. Based on the previous work (Liu et al, 2019;Yang et al, 2020;Yuan et al, 2019;), the dynamic leakage rate change is determined as Eq.2 to Eq.4 and then inputted into the following gas dispersion simulation work.…”

Analysing the interactions and complexities of the operations in the production area of an FPSO platform using the functional resonance analysis method (FRAM)

“…FPSO-type production platforms, which have a substantial oil inventory in their storage tanks, are a potential risk of major accidents and environmental disasters (Vinnem 2018 ). Accidents in offshore work environments, due to their complexity and location, in addition to immediate consequences, generate medium and long-term impacts on marine biodiversity (Yang et al 2020 ). Also, as in many other high‐risk domains, offshore safety regulatory institutions demand solutions and apply consequences for incidents and accidents in these workplaces (G. Praetorius et al 2020 ).…”