A Novel Allosterically trans-Activated Ribozyme, the Maxizyme, with Exceptional Specificity In Vitro and In Vivo

Abstract

We have constructed an allosterically controllable novel enzyme (designated maxizyme) that can be transcribed in vivo under the control of a human tRNA(Val) promoter. The maxizyme has sensor arms that can recognize target sequences, and in the presence of such a target sequence only, it can form a cavity that can capture catalytically indispensable Mg2+ ions. As a target for a demonstration of the potential utility of the maxizyme, we chose BCR-ABL mRNA, the translated products of which cause chronic myelogenous leukemia. Only the maxizyme (but not conventional ribozymes) had extremely high specificity and high-level activity, not only in vitro but also in cultured cells including BV173 cells derived from a patient with a Philadelphia chromosome. The maxizyme induced apoptosis only in leukemic cells with this chromosome.

Effective transduction and stable transgene expression in human blood cells by a third-generation lentiviral vector

“…1 Various gene transduction systems have been developed, the most widely investigated of which is the murine leukemia virus (MLV) vector system, but human blood cell transduction efficiency has been uniformly low. [2][3][4][5] We have demonstrated previously that a novel allosterically controllable ribozyme, designated the Maxizyme, induces cell death in a chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cell line harboring the b2a2 type bcr-abl oncogene in vitro 6 and in vivo, 7 but we could not efficiently transduce Maxizyme into primary cells of leukemia patients. The lack of efficient gene transduction techniques has so far hampered efforts to provide gene therapy for hematological disorders.…”

Rube Goldberg goes (ribo)nuclear? Molecular switches and sensors made from RNA

“…Although no allosterically regulated ribozymes have yet been identified in nature (but see the section below on oligonucleotide-regulated ribozymes), many have been developed artificially. This has been accomplished by the often complementary approaches of rational design (Tang andBreaker 1997, 1998;Kuwabara et al 1998;Vaish et al 2002;Wang and Sen 2002) and in vitro selection (Koizumi et al 1999;Robertson and Ellington 1999;Soukup and Breaker 1999b). Allosteric regulation has been imposed onto the hammerhead (Kertsburg and Soukup 2002), HDV (Kertsburg and Soukup 2002), hairpin , Tetrahymena group I intron (Kertsburg and Soukup 2002), and X-motif ribozymes (Kertsburg and Soukup 2002).…”

BCR/ABL: from molecular mechanisms of leukemia induction to treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia

“…However, ribozymes result in only imperfect cleavage of target mRNAs (James and Gibson, 1998). New modifications to the antisense system, such as DNAzymes (Hamada et al, 1999;Kuwabara et al, 1998Kuwabara et al, , 2001aTanabe et al, 2000;Warashina et al, 1999), BCR/ABL junction-specific catalytic subunits of RNase P (Cobaleda and Sanchez-Garcia, 2000) or maxizymes; novel allosterically controllable ribozymes (Hamada et al, 1999;Kuwabara et al, 1998Kuwabara et al, , 2001aTanabe et al, 2000); may increase specificity and increase cleavage of BCR/ABL mRNA (Maran et al, 1998;Mendoza-Maldonado et al, 2002;Rowley et al, 1999).…”